Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in photodetector applications due to their unique structural properties, tunability, and combination of inorganic and organic components. This review summarizes the recent progress in MOF-based photodetectors, including their preparation methods, various types of MOFs, and applications in X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), biosensing, and circularly polarized light detection. The review also discusses the challenges in developing practical MOF photodetectors and concepts to overcome these challenges. MOF-based photodetectors can be fabricated using different methods, including MOF single crystals, MOF thin films, and MOF composites. MOF single crystals are synthesized using methods such as hydro(solvo)thermal, interfacial synthesis, and layer-by-layer methods. MOF thin films are prepared using techniques like interfacial synthesis, powder deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). MOF composites are formed by combining MOFs with other materials to enhance their performance. MOF-based photodetectors have been applied in various fields, including X-ray detection, UV/vis detection, and IR detection. For example, MOFs have been used to develop X-ray detectors with high sensitivity and fast response times. In UV detection, MOFs have been used to create photodetectors with high responsivity and detectivity. In IR detection, MOFs have been used to develop detectors with high sensitivity and wide spectral response. In biosensing, MOF-based photodetectors have been used to detect various biomolecules, including proteins and enzymes. The unique properties of MOFs, such as their high surface area and tunable structure, make them suitable for biosensing applications. Additionally, MOF-based photodetectors have been used in circularly polarized light detection, where their unique optical properties allow for the detection of circularly polarized light. Despite their potential, MOF-based photodetectors face challenges such as low conductivity at room temperature and the need for further optimization of their structure and composition. Research is ongoing to improve the performance of MOF-based photodetectors and to develop new applications for them. The review highlights the importance of MOF-based photodetectors in the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices and their potential for various applications in science and technology.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great potential in photodetector applications due to their unique structural properties, tunability, and combination of inorganic and organic components. This review summarizes the recent progress in MOF-based photodetectors, including their preparation methods, various types of MOFs, and applications in X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), biosensing, and circularly polarized light detection. The review also discusses the challenges in developing practical MOF photodetectors and concepts to overcome these challenges. MOF-based photodetectors can be fabricated using different methods, including MOF single crystals, MOF thin films, and MOF composites. MOF single crystals are synthesized using methods such as hydro(solvo)thermal, interfacial synthesis, and layer-by-layer methods. MOF thin films are prepared using techniques like interfacial synthesis, powder deposition, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). MOF composites are formed by combining MOFs with other materials to enhance their performance. MOF-based photodetectors have been applied in various fields, including X-ray detection, UV/vis detection, and IR detection. For example, MOFs have been used to develop X-ray detectors with high sensitivity and fast response times. In UV detection, MOFs have been used to create photodetectors with high responsivity and detectivity. In IR detection, MOFs have been used to develop detectors with high sensitivity and wide spectral response. In biosensing, MOF-based photodetectors have been used to detect various biomolecules, including proteins and enzymes. The unique properties of MOFs, such as their high surface area and tunable structure, make them suitable for biosensing applications. Additionally, MOF-based photodetectors have been used in circularly polarized light detection, where their unique optical properties allow for the detection of circularly polarized light. Despite their potential, MOF-based photodetectors face challenges such as low conductivity at room temperature and the need for further optimization of their structure and composition. Research is ongoing to improve the performance of MOF-based photodetectors and to develop new applications for them. The review highlights the importance of MOF-based photodetectors in the development of next-generation optoelectronic devices and their potential for various applications in science and technology.