This review article discusses the recent advancements in metal–organic framework (MOF)-based photodetectors, highlighting their preparation methods, various types of MOFs, and applications in detecting X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) radiation, biosensing, and circularly polarized light (CPL). The unique physical and chemical properties of MOFs, such as high surface area, tunable structure, and excellent stability, make them promising materials for optoelectronic devices. The article details the synthesis techniques for MOF single crystals, thin films, and composites, emphasizing their light response properties. It also reviews the performance of MOF-based photodetectors in X-ray, UV/Vis, and NIR detection, as well as their applications in photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing and CPL detection. Challenges in developing practical MOF photodetectors and potential solutions are discussed, including the need for improved conductivity, crystallinity, and device integration. The review concludes by outlining the future prospects of MOF-based photodetectors, emphasizing their potential in advanced optoelectronic applications.This review article discusses the recent advancements in metal–organic framework (MOF)-based photodetectors, highlighting their preparation methods, various types of MOFs, and applications in detecting X-ray, ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR) radiation, biosensing, and circularly polarized light (CPL). The unique physical and chemical properties of MOFs, such as high surface area, tunable structure, and excellent stability, make them promising materials for optoelectronic devices. The article details the synthesis techniques for MOF single crystals, thin films, and composites, emphasizing their light response properties. It also reviews the performance of MOF-based photodetectors in X-ray, UV/Vis, and NIR detection, as well as their applications in photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensing and CPL detection. Challenges in developing practical MOF photodetectors and potential solutions are discussed, including the need for improved conductivity, crystallinity, and device integration. The review concludes by outlining the future prospects of MOF-based photodetectors, emphasizing their potential in advanced optoelectronic applications.