Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for energy applications due to their high porosity, tunable structures, and functional properties. This review discusses recent advances in using MOFs and their composites and derivatives for energy storage and conversion. MOFs are suitable for energy applications because they can immobilize active materials and create controlled nanostructures. They are used in hydrogen and methane storage, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. MOFs can be used as supports or sacrificial precursors to enhance energy-related reactions. MOF composites and derivatives have shown excellent performance in catalysis, hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction. MOFs have also been used in solar energy conversion, such as photocatalytic hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. MOFs are also used in proton conduction for fuel cells, where they can replace traditional electrolytes. MOFs have been shown to have high proton conductivity and can be used in fuel cells at high temperatures. Additionally, MOFs have been used in oxygen reduction reactions, where they can replace expensive platinum catalysts. MOFs have also been used in supercapacitors, where they can provide high energy storage capacity. Overall, MOFs are promising materials for energy applications due to their unique properties and versatility.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for energy applications due to their high porosity, tunable structures, and functional properties. This review discusses recent advances in using MOFs and their composites and derivatives for energy storage and conversion. MOFs are suitable for energy applications because they can immobilize active materials and create controlled nanostructures. They are used in hydrogen and methane storage, fuel cells, batteries, and supercapacitors. MOFs can be used as supports or sacrificial precursors to enhance energy-related reactions. MOF composites and derivatives have shown excellent performance in catalysis, hydrogen evolution, and carbon dioxide reduction. MOFs have also been used in solar energy conversion, such as photocatalytic hydrogen production and carbon dioxide reduction. MOFs are also used in proton conduction for fuel cells, where they can replace traditional electrolytes. MOFs have been shown to have high proton conductivity and can be used in fuel cells at high temperatures. Additionally, MOFs have been used in oxygen reduction reactions, where they can replace expensive platinum catalysts. MOFs have also been used in supercapacitors, where they can provide high energy storage capacity. Overall, MOFs are promising materials for energy applications due to their unique properties and versatility.