This review provides an updated survey of the synthesis, post-synthesis modifications, and optical properties of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs). MHP NCs have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics, as well as their unique optoelectronic properties. The advent of colloidal methods for synthesizing MHP NCs has revealed interesting aspects of these materials, particularly their defect tolerance. The review covers the chemistry and capabilities of different colloidal synthetic routes to control the shape, size, and optical properties of MHP NCs. It also discusses post-synthesis transformations and solution processes for fabricating MHP-based nanocomposites. The fundamental optical properties of MHP NCs, including linear and nonlinear optical features, quantum confinement effects, and exciton binding energies, are reviewed. The review concludes with an outlook on the field, highlighting open questions and future directions.This review provides an updated survey of the synthesis, post-synthesis modifications, and optical properties of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (MHP NCs). MHP NCs have gained significant attention due to their potential applications in photovoltaics and optoelectronics, as well as their unique optoelectronic properties. The advent of colloidal methods for synthesizing MHP NCs has revealed interesting aspects of these materials, particularly their defect tolerance. The review covers the chemistry and capabilities of different colloidal synthetic routes to control the shape, size, and optical properties of MHP NCs. It also discusses post-synthesis transformations and solution processes for fabricating MHP-based nanocomposites. The fundamental optical properties of MHP NCs, including linear and nonlinear optical features, quantum confinement effects, and exciton binding energies, are reviewed. The review concludes with an outlook on the field, highlighting open questions and future directions.