The preface and acknowledgments section of the book provides an overview of the main topics covered in the text. It begins with an introduction to the concept of metaphor and its relationship to universality, followed by a detailed exploration of the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor, including its components and the debate on universality and variation. The book delves into various aspects of metaphor, such as its role in the body, brain, thought, and language, and examines why metaphors are universal. It also discusses the case of emotions and the event structure metaphor, as well as the dimensions of metaphor variation, including cross-cultural, within-culture, and diachronic variations. The book further explores the expression of conceptual metaphors in different languages, the cultural-ideological background, and the realization of conceptual metaphors in social practice. It examines the metaphorical aspects of American culture, individual variation in metaphor, and the relationship between conceptual metaphors and cultural models. The causes of metaphor variation, including differential experience and cognitive preferences, are also discussed, along with the role of creativity and blending in metaphorical processes. The book concludes with a comprehensive overview of universality and variation in metaphor, providing a detailed picture of the topic.The preface and acknowledgments section of the book provides an overview of the main topics covered in the text. It begins with an introduction to the concept of metaphor and its relationship to universality, followed by a detailed exploration of the cognitive linguistic view of metaphor, including its components and the debate on universality and variation. The book delves into various aspects of metaphor, such as its role in the body, brain, thought, and language, and examines why metaphors are universal. It also discusses the case of emotions and the event structure metaphor, as well as the dimensions of metaphor variation, including cross-cultural, within-culture, and diachronic variations. The book further explores the expression of conceptual metaphors in different languages, the cultural-ideological background, and the realization of conceptual metaphors in social practice. It examines the metaphorical aspects of American culture, individual variation in metaphor, and the relationship between conceptual metaphors and cultural models. The causes of metaphor variation, including differential experience and cognitive preferences, are also discussed, along with the role of creativity and blending in metaphorical processes. The book concludes with a comprehensive overview of universality and variation in metaphor, providing a detailed picture of the topic.