Methane mitigation in ruminants is a critical area of research due to its impact on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper reviews various strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH₄) production by ruminants, including biotechnologies, feed additives, and nutritional approaches. Vaccination and bacteriocins show limited success in modulating rumen microbial ecosystems. Probiotics like acetogens and yeasts have shown mixed results, while protozoa elimination can reduce CH₄ by up to 50% but requires careful evaluation for livestock performance. Feed additives such as ionophores, organic acids, and plant extracts have shown promise, with plant extracts being a natural alternative to chemical additives. Nutritional strategies, particularly adjustments in energy-based concentrates and forages, are the most developed and practical. Selecting animals based on low CH₄ production and efficient digestion is also discussed. The sustainability of CH₄ suppression strategies is crucial, considering their long-term effects on animal performance, safety, and economic viability. An integrated approach considering the rumen microbiota, animal, and diet is recommended for long-term solutions. Strategies must also consider the entire production system, including all GHG emissions from the animal to the farm scale. While some strategies show potential, further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and ensure they do not negatively impact other GHG emissions. The paper emphasizes the importance of evaluating strategies in terms of total GHG emissions and highlights the need for a balanced approach that considers environmental, economic, and animal welfare factors.Methane mitigation in ruminants is a critical area of research due to its impact on global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The paper reviews various strategies to reduce enteric methane (CH₄) production by ruminants, including biotechnologies, feed additives, and nutritional approaches. Vaccination and bacteriocins show limited success in modulating rumen microbial ecosystems. Probiotics like acetogens and yeasts have shown mixed results, while protozoa elimination can reduce CH₄ by up to 50% but requires careful evaluation for livestock performance. Feed additives such as ionophores, organic acids, and plant extracts have shown promise, with plant extracts being a natural alternative to chemical additives. Nutritional strategies, particularly adjustments in energy-based concentrates and forages, are the most developed and practical. Selecting animals based on low CH₄ production and efficient digestion is also discussed. The sustainability of CH₄ suppression strategies is crucial, considering their long-term effects on animal performance, safety, and economic viability. An integrated approach considering the rumen microbiota, animal, and diet is recommended for long-term solutions. Strategies must also consider the entire production system, including all GHG emissions from the animal to the farm scale. While some strategies show potential, further research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and ensure they do not negatively impact other GHG emissions. The paper emphasizes the importance of evaluating strategies in terms of total GHG emissions and highlights the need for a balanced approach that considers environmental, economic, and animal welfare factors.