The article provides a comprehensive overview of methanotrophic bacteria, including their taxonomy, physiology, and ecological roles. Methanotrophs are a subset of methylotrophs, characterized by their ability to use methane as a sole carbon and energy source. The oxidation of methane by methanotrophs involves the use of methane monooxygenases (MMOs), which catalyze the conversion of methane to methanol. These bacteria play a crucial role in global carbon cycles, particularly in the oxidation of atmospheric methane, which contributes significantly to global warming. The article also discusses the detection and measurement of methanotrophs in various environments, their interactions with other biota, and their potential in bioremediation of toxic chemicals. Additionally, it explores the physiological similarities between methanotrophs and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, highlighting their shared ability to oxidize a variety of compounds and their potential ecological interactions. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of understanding the sources and sinks of atmospheric methane to effectively reduce its impact on climate change.The article provides a comprehensive overview of methanotrophic bacteria, including their taxonomy, physiology, and ecological roles. Methanotrophs are a subset of methylotrophs, characterized by their ability to use methane as a sole carbon and energy source. The oxidation of methane by methanotrophs involves the use of methane monooxygenases (MMOs), which catalyze the conversion of methane to methanol. These bacteria play a crucial role in global carbon cycles, particularly in the oxidation of atmospheric methane, which contributes significantly to global warming. The article also discusses the detection and measurement of methanotrophs in various environments, their interactions with other biota, and their potential in bioremediation of toxic chemicals. Additionally, it explores the physiological similarities between methanotrophs and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, highlighting their shared ability to oxidize a variety of compounds and their potential ecological interactions. The authors conclude by emphasizing the importance of understanding the sources and sinks of atmospheric methane to effectively reduce its impact on climate change.