This paper explores methods for reducing risk through training and exercises in the context of planned evacuations. The authors, Francesco Russo and Corrado Rindone, emphasize the importance of integrating planning, exercises, and evaluation methods to enhance community preparedness. They propose a general framework that supports ex ante evaluations of exposure reduction through evacuation plans, demonstrating that the effectiveness of planned actions increases with the implementation of exercises. The paper also discusses the role of Transport System Models (TSMs) in simulating evacuation scenarios and the importance of integrating simulation modeling with exercises to test planned actions. The authors provide empirical evidence from real exercises, such as those conducted in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina, to illustrate the benefits of their proposed framework. The research aims to contribute to the growing knowledge about risk reduction and the potential actions that can be taken to mitigate it.This paper explores methods for reducing risk through training and exercises in the context of planned evacuations. The authors, Francesco Russo and Corrado Rindone, emphasize the importance of integrating planning, exercises, and evaluation methods to enhance community preparedness. They propose a general framework that supports ex ante evaluations of exposure reduction through evacuation plans, demonstrating that the effectiveness of planned actions increases with the implementation of exercises. The paper also discusses the role of Transport System Models (TSMs) in simulating evacuation scenarios and the importance of integrating simulation modeling with exercises to test planned actions. The authors provide empirical evidence from real exercises, such as those conducted in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina, to illustrate the benefits of their proposed framework. The research aims to contribute to the growing knowledge about risk reduction and the potential actions that can be taken to mitigate it.