This research examines the dynamics and potential spillover effects of various global environmental conservation programs, focusing on the interactions between the U.S.'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), as well as China's Grain-to-Green Program (GTGP) and Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation (FECBC). The study employs multivariate and logistic regression analyses, eigenvector spatial filtering, and scenario modeling to understand the collective influence of these initiatives on broader environmental objectives. Key findings include: 1. **Spillover Effects in the U.S.**: - **CRP and EQIP**: A study of these two programs in the U.S. found that each acre of land enrolled in EQIP caused a reduction of 0.22 acres in CRP enrollment, indicating a destructive spillover effect. - **Scenario Analysis**: A scenario analysis showed that reallocation of EQIP land to CRP could save 1% to 7% of total expenses while maintaining the total acreage of both programs. 2. **Spillover Effects in China**: - **GTGP and FECBC**: In China, the study found a significant beneficial spillover effect from FECBC to GTGP enrollment, but this effect turned into a detractive one when considering future potential enrollment, suggesting that FECBC payments may reduce the likelihood of enrolling land in GTGP. - **Wolong Nature Reserve**: The study also explored spillover effects in Wolong Nature Reserve for giant panda conservation, finding evidence for both *Behavior-Behavior* and *Gain-Gain* spillover effects. 3. **Global Evidence**: - The research collected data from 15 cases worldwide, documenting spillover effects in various policy, behavior, and gain domains. Examples include carbon farming policies in Australia, protection projects for Páramo grasslands in Ecuador, and transnational efforts to combat severe eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. 4. **Conclusion**: - The study emphasizes the importance of understanding spillover effects in environmental conservation efforts, highlighting the challenges and opportunities arising from the interactions between different green initiatives. It calls for a comprehensive approach that anticipates and integrates potential spillover effects to maximize the collective impact on conservation and sustainable development. The research provides valuable insights for improving conservation policy designs and effectiveness, emphasizing the need for coordinated design, implementation, and assessment of green initiatives to ensure they work together towards sustainable development and nature conservation.This research examines the dynamics and potential spillover effects of various global environmental conservation programs, focusing on the interactions between the U.S.'s Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP), as well as China's Grain-to-Green Program (GTGP) and Forest Ecological Benefit Compensation (FECBC). The study employs multivariate and logistic regression analyses, eigenvector spatial filtering, and scenario modeling to understand the collective influence of these initiatives on broader environmental objectives. Key findings include: 1. **Spillover Effects in the U.S.**: - **CRP and EQIP**: A study of these two programs in the U.S. found that each acre of land enrolled in EQIP caused a reduction of 0.22 acres in CRP enrollment, indicating a destructive spillover effect. - **Scenario Analysis**: A scenario analysis showed that reallocation of EQIP land to CRP could save 1% to 7% of total expenses while maintaining the total acreage of both programs. 2. **Spillover Effects in China**: - **GTGP and FECBC**: In China, the study found a significant beneficial spillover effect from FECBC to GTGP enrollment, but this effect turned into a detractive one when considering future potential enrollment, suggesting that FECBC payments may reduce the likelihood of enrolling land in GTGP. - **Wolong Nature Reserve**: The study also explored spillover effects in Wolong Nature Reserve for giant panda conservation, finding evidence for both *Behavior-Behavior* and *Gain-Gain* spillover effects. 3. **Global Evidence**: - The research collected data from 15 cases worldwide, documenting spillover effects in various policy, behavior, and gain domains. Examples include carbon farming policies in Australia, protection projects for Páramo grasslands in Ecuador, and transnational efforts to combat severe eutrophication in the Baltic Sea. 4. **Conclusion**: - The study emphasizes the importance of understanding spillover effects in environmental conservation efforts, highlighting the challenges and opportunities arising from the interactions between different green initiatives. It calls for a comprehensive approach that anticipates and integrates potential spillover effects to maximize the collective impact on conservation and sustainable development. The research provides valuable insights for improving conservation policy designs and effectiveness, emphasizing the need for coordinated design, implementation, and assessment of green initiatives to ensure they work together towards sustainable development and nature conservation.