The article reviews the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer, focusing on novel mechanisms of action and current strategies for designing ncRNA-targeting therapeutics. MiRNAs, typically 19-24 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'UTRs of protein-coding genes. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs can also target other regions of genes, upregulate translation, and interact with other ncRNAs and proteins. The article discusses the therapeutic potential of miRNAs, including the development of miRNA therapeutics such as miRNA mimics, inhibitors, and sponges. It also highlights the challenges associated with miRNA-targeted approaches, such as off-target effects and the complexity of assessing treatment efficacy. The article further explores the role of lncRNAs in cancer, particularly long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), and their potential as therapeutic targets. The authors emphasize the importance of combining miRNA and chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in cancer, including the "competing endogenous RNAs" (ceRNAs) hypothesis.The article reviews the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer, focusing on novel mechanisms of action and current strategies for designing ncRNA-targeting therapeutics. MiRNAs, typically 19-24 nucleotides long, regulate gene expression by targeting the 3'UTRs of protein-coding genes. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs can also target other regions of genes, upregulate translation, and interact with other ncRNAs and proteins. The article discusses the therapeutic potential of miRNAs, including the development of miRNA therapeutics such as miRNA mimics, inhibitors, and sponges. It also highlights the challenges associated with miRNA-targeted approaches, such as off-target effects and the complexity of assessing treatment efficacy. The article further explores the role of lncRNAs in cancer, particularly long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), and their potential as therapeutic targets. The authors emphasize the importance of combining miRNA and chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic outcomes and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in cancer, including the "competing endogenous RNAs" (ceRNAs) hypothesis.