MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of metabolism, particularly in controlling cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. MiR-33a and miR-33b, which are embedded in the introns of SREBP genes, play crucial roles in regulating cholesterol and lipid metabolism. For instance, miR-33a and miR-33b target ABCA1, a key protein involved in the formation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), leading to increased HDL levels and reduced atherosclerosis. Additionally, miRNAs such as miR-103 and miR-107 regulate insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis, while miR-34a may contribute to hepatic lipid homeostasis. The discovery of circulating miRNAs highlights their potential as both endocrine signaling molecules and disease markers. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that they could serve as therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic disorders. The review discusses recent advances in understanding the roles of miRNAs in metabolic control, including their involvement in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity. It also explores the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of metabolism, particularly in controlling cholesterol and lipid homeostasis. MiR-33a and miR-33b, which are embedded in the introns of SREBP genes, play crucial roles in regulating cholesterol and lipid metabolism. For instance, miR-33a and miR-33b target ABCA1, a key protein involved in the formation of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), leading to increased HDL levels and reduced atherosclerosis. Additionally, miRNAs such as miR-103 and miR-107 regulate insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis, while miR-34a may contribute to hepatic lipid homeostasis. The discovery of circulating miRNAs highlights their potential as both endocrine signaling molecules and disease markers. Dysregulation of miRNAs may contribute to metabolic abnormalities, suggesting that they could serve as therapeutic targets for cardiometabolic disorders. The review discusses recent advances in understanding the roles of miRNAs in metabolic control, including their involvement in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and the regulation of adipogenesis and obesity. It also explores the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for metabolic disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).