The article "Microalgae Cultivation: Closing the Yield Gap from Laboratory to Field Scale" by Benoit Guieysse and Marc Plouviez reviews the current state of microalgae cultivation and discusses the constraints that limit its industrial adoption. Despite significant research and advancements in microalgal biology, reactor design, and biomass processing, the industry remains nascent, primarily focused on high-value food applications. The authors highlight the gap between academic expectations and commercial realities, emphasizing the need for better understanding and addressing these constraints. The article reviews the current commercial applications of microalgae, including food production, wastewater treatment, biofuel, and biorefinery. It notes that while microalgae have been cultivated for decades, only a few species are commercially produced, and the costs of microalgae-based products remain high. The challenges in scaling up microalgae cultivation are discussed, including the need for large land areas, the difficulty in controlling light and temperature, and the environmental and logistical constraints. The authors also explore strategies to improve microalgae cultivation, such as selecting locally adapted species, optimizing location-specific conditions, improving process design and control, and integrating microalgae production into existing agri-food sectors. They emphasize the importance of realistic expectations and the need for harmonized frameworks and technical standards to support the industry's development. In conclusion, the article underscores the complexity and limitations of commercial microalgae cultivation, highlighting the need for further research and investment to bridge the yield gap and achieve broader industrial adoption.The article "Microalgae Cultivation: Closing the Yield Gap from Laboratory to Field Scale" by Benoit Guieysse and Marc Plouviez reviews the current state of microalgae cultivation and discusses the constraints that limit its industrial adoption. Despite significant research and advancements in microalgal biology, reactor design, and biomass processing, the industry remains nascent, primarily focused on high-value food applications. The authors highlight the gap between academic expectations and commercial realities, emphasizing the need for better understanding and addressing these constraints. The article reviews the current commercial applications of microalgae, including food production, wastewater treatment, biofuel, and biorefinery. It notes that while microalgae have been cultivated for decades, only a few species are commercially produced, and the costs of microalgae-based products remain high. The challenges in scaling up microalgae cultivation are discussed, including the need for large land areas, the difficulty in controlling light and temperature, and the environmental and logistical constraints. The authors also explore strategies to improve microalgae cultivation, such as selecting locally adapted species, optimizing location-specific conditions, improving process design and control, and integrating microalgae production into existing agri-food sectors. They emphasize the importance of realistic expectations and the need for harmonized frameworks and technical standards to support the industry's development. In conclusion, the article underscores the complexity and limitations of commercial microalgae cultivation, highlighting the need for further research and investment to bridge the yield gap and achieve broader industrial adoption.