This study investigates the microbial co-occurrences on catheters from 55 long-term catheterized patients over a year, focusing on catheter and urine samples. Despite the use of antibiotics, catheter samples remained colonized by one or more bacterial species. The analysis identified 13 positive and 13 negative genus co-occurrences, with *Escherichia coli* and *Enterococcus faecalis* frequently co-localizing on catheters. Co-culture experiments revealed that *E. coli* significantly enhanced the growth of *E. faecalis* in artificial urine medium, suggesting novel strategies to target these positive co-associations in polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms driving positive and negative interactions within polymicrobial communities to develop effective treatments for CAUTIs.This study investigates the microbial co-occurrences on catheters from 55 long-term catheterized patients over a year, focusing on catheter and urine samples. Despite the use of antibiotics, catheter samples remained colonized by one or more bacterial species. The analysis identified 13 positive and 13 negative genus co-occurrences, with *Escherichia coli* and *Enterococcus faecalis* frequently co-localizing on catheters. Co-culture experiments revealed that *E. coli* significantly enhanced the growth of *E. faecalis* in artificial urine medium, suggesting novel strategies to target these positive co-associations in polymicrobial catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The findings highlight the importance of understanding the mechanisms driving positive and negative interactions within polymicrobial communities to develop effective treatments for CAUTIs.