The paper discusses the complex interactions between soil microbes and climate change, emphasizing the need to understand both direct and indirect impacts of climate change on soil microorganisms. Direct impacts include changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme events affecting microbial activity and greenhouse gas production. Indirect impacts involve shifts in plant communities and their effects on soil physicochemical conditions and microbial communities. The authors highlight the importance of multifactorial experimental approaches to study these interactions and their consequences for carbon cycle feedbacks. They also identify challenges in understanding microbial diversity, carbon substrate availability, and the link between aboveground and belowground communities. The paper calls for more research to improve our understanding of how soil microbial ecology contributes to climate change.The paper discusses the complex interactions between soil microbes and climate change, emphasizing the need to understand both direct and indirect impacts of climate change on soil microorganisms. Direct impacts include changes in temperature, precipitation, and extreme events affecting microbial activity and greenhouse gas production. Indirect impacts involve shifts in plant communities and their effects on soil physicochemical conditions and microbial communities. The authors highlight the importance of multifactorial experimental approaches to study these interactions and their consequences for carbon cycle feedbacks. They also identify challenges in understanding microbial diversity, carbon substrate availability, and the link between aboveground and belowground communities. The paper calls for more research to improve our understanding of how soil microbial ecology contributes to climate change.