The review discusses the role of microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) in contributing to antimicrobial resistance and explores their potential applications in antimicrobial therapy. Microbial EVs, produced by bacteria, fungi, and parasites, play a significant role in the spread of resistance through various mechanisms. Bacterial EVs can act as decoys to bind or encapsulate antibiotics, degrade antibiotics using enzymes, and transfer resistance genes to recipient cells. Fungal EVs contribute to resistance by participating in biofilm matrix formation and cell wall repair. Parasitic EVs facilitate the transfer of drug resistance genes between parasites. Additionally, bacterial EVs show potential in antimicrobial therapy, including their natural antimicrobial activity, ability to enhance antibiotic delivery, and use as a method to assess antibiotic permeability. Despite these promising applications, technical challenges such as large-scale preparation and surface modification of EVs need further research.The review discusses the role of microbial extracellular vesicles (EVs) in contributing to antimicrobial resistance and explores their potential applications in antimicrobial therapy. Microbial EVs, produced by bacteria, fungi, and parasites, play a significant role in the spread of resistance through various mechanisms. Bacterial EVs can act as decoys to bind or encapsulate antibiotics, degrade antibiotics using enzymes, and transfer resistance genes to recipient cells. Fungal EVs contribute to resistance by participating in biofilm matrix formation and cell wall repair. Parasitic EVs facilitate the transfer of drug resistance genes between parasites. Additionally, bacterial EVs show potential in antimicrobial therapy, including their natural antimicrobial activity, ability to enhance antibiotic delivery, and use as a method to assess antibiotic permeability. Despite these promising applications, technical challenges such as large-scale preparation and surface modification of EVs need further research.