This study investigates the role of chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidation coupled with arsenate reduction (SOASR) in oligotrophic mining-impacted habitats, specifically mine tailings. Arsenic (As) release from soils is a significant environmental issue, and while heterotrophic As(V) reduction has been extensively studied, chemolithotrophic processes are less understood. The research suggests that SOASR is more prevalent in oligotrophic sites compared to heterotrophic processes. Water-soluble reduced sulfur concentration is identified as a key geochemical parameter influencing SOASR potentials. DNA stable isotope probing and metagenome binning identified *Sulfuricella*, *Ramibacter*, and *Sulfuritalea* as sulfur-oxidizing As(V)-reducing bacteria (SOASRB) in mine tailings. Genome mining expanded the list of potential SOASRB to diverse phylogenetic lineages, including members of *Burkholderiaceae* and *Rhodocyclaceae*. Metagenome analysis across multiple tailing samples confirmed that putative SOASRB are dominant As(V) reducers in these environments. The findings enhance our understanding of chemolithotrophic As(V) reduction and its potential for remediation practices in mine tailings.This study investigates the role of chemolithotrophic sulfur oxidation coupled with arsenate reduction (SOASR) in oligotrophic mining-impacted habitats, specifically mine tailings. Arsenic (As) release from soils is a significant environmental issue, and while heterotrophic As(V) reduction has been extensively studied, chemolithotrophic processes are less understood. The research suggests that SOASR is more prevalent in oligotrophic sites compared to heterotrophic processes. Water-soluble reduced sulfur concentration is identified as a key geochemical parameter influencing SOASR potentials. DNA stable isotope probing and metagenome binning identified *Sulfuricella*, *Ramibacter*, and *Sulfuritalea* as sulfur-oxidizing As(V)-reducing bacteria (SOASRB) in mine tailings. Genome mining expanded the list of potential SOASRB to diverse phylogenetic lineages, including members of *Burkholderiaceae* and *Rhodocyclaceae*. Metagenome analysis across multiple tailing samples confirmed that putative SOASRB are dominant As(V) reducers in these environments. The findings enhance our understanding of chemolithotrophic As(V) reduction and its potential for remediation practices in mine tailings.