This review explores the critical role of the human microbiota in the development and management of endocrine-related diseases. It examines the complex interactions between the microbiota and the endocrine system, emphasizing the implications of microbiota dysbiosis for the onset and progression of various endocrine disorders. The review aims to synthesize current knowledge, highlighting recent advancements and the potential of novel therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota-endocrine interactions. Key topics include the impact of microbiota on hormone regulation, its role in endocrine pathologies, and the promising avenues of microbiota modulation through diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The review underscores the importance of this research in advancing personalized medicine, offering insights for more tailored and effective treatments for endocrine-related diseases. The human microbiota, a complex consortium of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. It is primarily composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, with the gut microbiota being the most extensively studied. The gut microbiota is highly diverse, housing approximately 100 trillion microbial cells, and is influenced by factors such as genetics, age, diet, environment, and lifestyle. The microbiota aids in digestion, synthesizes essential vitamins, modulates the immune system, and provides a defense against pathogens. Dysbiosis, a disruption in this balance, has been implicated in various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders and neurological conditions. The endocrine system, a vital network within the human body, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. It regulates essential bodily functions through hormones, including metabolism, growth, development, mood, and reproductive processes. The endocrine system interacts with various bodily systems, including the immune, skeletal, metabolic, and neurological systems, highlighting its central role in maintaining physiological balance. The emerging concept of microbiota-endocrine system interactions is gaining attention, with research indicating that gut bacteria influence the development of endocrine system disorders, including diabetes and thyroid illness. The gut microbiome's composition and metabolites are implicated in the pathogenesis of various endocrine disorders. The microbiota's influence on the brain via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is also significant, affecting stress responses and mental health. Microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly implicated in endocrine-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and thyroid dysfunction. The gut microbiota's role in hormone regulation, particularly in sex hormones, is a critical area of investigation. The microbiota influences the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens and plays a role in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The gut microbiome also affects bone health by influencing calcium and phosphate metabolism. The mechanisms by which microbiota influence hormone regulation include the synthesis of essential nutrients, the activity of enzymes that metabolize hormones, and the modulation of stress hormones through the gut-brain axis. The microbiota's impact on insulin sensitivity andThis review explores the critical role of the human microbiota in the development and management of endocrine-related diseases. It examines the complex interactions between the microbiota and the endocrine system, emphasizing the implications of microbiota dysbiosis for the onset and progression of various endocrine disorders. The review aims to synthesize current knowledge, highlighting recent advancements and the potential of novel therapeutic approaches targeting microbiota-endocrine interactions. Key topics include the impact of microbiota on hormone regulation, its role in endocrine pathologies, and the promising avenues of microbiota modulation through diet, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. The review underscores the importance of this research in advancing personalized medicine, offering insights for more tailored and effective treatments for endocrine-related diseases. The human microbiota, a complex consortium of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. It is primarily composed of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, with the gut microbiota being the most extensively studied. The gut microbiota is highly diverse, housing approximately 100 trillion microbial cells, and is influenced by factors such as genetics, age, diet, environment, and lifestyle. The microbiota aids in digestion, synthesizes essential vitamins, modulates the immune system, and provides a defense against pathogens. Dysbiosis, a disruption in this balance, has been implicated in various diseases, including gastrointestinal disorders and neurological conditions. The endocrine system, a vital network within the human body, plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. It regulates essential bodily functions through hormones, including metabolism, growth, development, mood, and reproductive processes. The endocrine system interacts with various bodily systems, including the immune, skeletal, metabolic, and neurological systems, highlighting its central role in maintaining physiological balance. The emerging concept of microbiota-endocrine system interactions is gaining attention, with research indicating that gut bacteria influence the development of endocrine system disorders, including diabetes and thyroid illness. The gut microbiome's composition and metabolites are implicated in the pathogenesis of various endocrine disorders. The microbiota's influence on the brain via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is also significant, affecting stress responses and mental health. Microbiota dysbiosis is increasingly implicated in endocrine-related diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and thyroid dysfunction. The gut microbiota's role in hormone regulation, particularly in sex hormones, is a critical area of investigation. The microbiota influences the enterohepatic circulation of estrogens and plays a role in conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The gut microbiome also affects bone health by influencing calcium and phosphate metabolism. The mechanisms by which microbiota influence hormone regulation include the synthesis of essential nutrients, the activity of enzymes that metabolize hormones, and the modulation of stress hormones through the gut-brain axis. The microbiota's impact on insulin sensitivity and