This review explores the role of the lung microbiome in respiratory infections, focusing on the impact of microbial dysbiosis and the bidirectional communication between the gut and lung. The lung microbiome, primarily composed of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, plays a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis by regulating immune responses and preventing pathogen invasion. Respiratory infections, whether bacterial or viral, lead to changes in the lung microbiome, including reduced diversity and increased microbial burden, which in turn affect host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory signals, and cytokine production. The gut-lung axis is highlighted as a key mechanism in shaping inflammation and immunity, with microbial exchanges influencing both sites. The review discusses the challenges and potential of microbial-based therapies, such as probiotics and dietary supplements, as well as microbial-targeted therapies like antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages, to remodel the lung microbiome and improve health outcomes. Finally, it proposes future research directions to better understand and manage respiratory infections through the lens of microbiota dynamics and host-microbe interactions.This review explores the role of the lung microbiome in respiratory infections, focusing on the impact of microbial dysbiosis and the bidirectional communication between the gut and lung. The lung microbiome, primarily composed of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, plays a crucial role in maintaining lung homeostasis by regulating immune responses and preventing pathogen invasion. Respiratory infections, whether bacterial or viral, lead to changes in the lung microbiome, including reduced diversity and increased microbial burden, which in turn affect host-pathogen interactions, inflammatory signals, and cytokine production. The gut-lung axis is highlighted as a key mechanism in shaping inflammation and immunity, with microbial exchanges influencing both sites. The review discusses the challenges and potential of microbial-based therapies, such as probiotics and dietary supplements, as well as microbial-targeted therapies like antibacterial monoclonal antibodies and bacteriophages, to remodel the lung microbiome and improve health outcomes. Finally, it proposes future research directions to better understand and manage respiratory infections through the lens of microbiota dynamics and host-microbe interactions.