The article "Microplastic and Plastic Pollution: Impact on Respiratory Disease and Health" by Gwenda F. Vasse and Barbro N. Melgert reviews the current understanding of the effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on human lung health. MNPs, which are released from plastics throughout their lifecycle, have been detected in various locations within the human body, including the lungs. The review highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of MNP exposure on respiratory diseases and health, as the extent of this impact at ambient levels remains unclear. The authors collate evidence from *in vitro*, *in vivo*, and occupational exposure studies to focus on interactions between MNP pollution and specific lung-resident cells and respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). They conclude that MNPs can affect lung tissue in both disease and health, but the extent of this impact at ambient levels requires further evaluation. Key points include: - MNPs are prevalent in both indoor and outdoor environments, with higher concentrations found indoors. - Studies have shown that MNPs can be detected in lung tissue, suggesting inhalation during exposure. - *In vitro* studies indicate that MNPs can affect alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, leading to pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. - *In vivo* inhalation studies generally show an influx of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory responses. - Occupational exposure studies link MNPs to increased risks of ILDs and lung cancer, particularly in the plastics and engineered stone industries. - The discrepancy between *in vitro* and occupational exposure studies highlights the need for better characterization of environmental MNPs and improved methods to detect and analyze their presence in healthy and diseased lung tissue. The authors emphasize the importance of ongoing research to better understand the biological mechanisms behind the observed pathologies and to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for environmental MNP exposure levels.The article "Microplastic and Plastic Pollution: Impact on Respiratory Disease and Health" by Gwenda F. Vasse and Barbro N. Melgert reviews the current understanding of the effects of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on human lung health. MNPs, which are released from plastics throughout their lifecycle, have been detected in various locations within the human body, including the lungs. The review highlights the need for a comprehensive understanding of the impact of MNP exposure on respiratory diseases and health, as the extent of this impact at ambient levels remains unclear. The authors collate evidence from *in vitro*, *in vivo*, and occupational exposure studies to focus on interactions between MNP pollution and specific lung-resident cells and respiratory diseases such as asthma, COPD, lung cancer, and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). They conclude that MNPs can affect lung tissue in both disease and health, but the extent of this impact at ambient levels requires further evaluation. Key points include: - MNPs are prevalent in both indoor and outdoor environments, with higher concentrations found indoors. - Studies have shown that MNPs can be detected in lung tissue, suggesting inhalation during exposure. - *In vitro* studies indicate that MNPs can affect alveolar macrophages and epithelial cells, leading to pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress responses. - *In vivo* inhalation studies generally show an influx of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory responses. - Occupational exposure studies link MNPs to increased risks of ILDs and lung cancer, particularly in the plastics and engineered stone industries. - The discrepancy between *in vitro* and occupational exposure studies highlights the need for better characterization of environmental MNPs and improved methods to detect and analyze their presence in healthy and diseased lung tissue. The authors emphasize the importance of ongoing research to better understand the biological mechanisms behind the observed pathologies and to develop comprehensive evaluation methods for environmental MNP exposure levels.