The article reviews the migration of microplastics in porous media, a phenomenon that has received less attention compared to microplastic behavior in aquatic environments. The review highlights the influence of environmental factors and microplastic properties on migration, noting that the effects of surface charge, functional groups, and soil organisms are unclear. Research at different scales—macroscopic (above 1 meter), mesoscopic (below 1 cm), and microscopic (below 1 mm)—is discussed, with methods ranging from field sampling and mathematical modeling to lab-on-a-chip devices for visualization. The study emphasizes the need for further research to understand the migration mechanisms and develop effective prevention and control measures. The introduction also underscores the widespread presence of microplastics in various environments, their accumulation in ecosystems, and their potential health risks to humans. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and identify gaps in research, particularly in the subterranean environment.The article reviews the migration of microplastics in porous media, a phenomenon that has received less attention compared to microplastic behavior in aquatic environments. The review highlights the influence of environmental factors and microplastic properties on migration, noting that the effects of surface charge, functional groups, and soil organisms are unclear. Research at different scales—macroscopic (above 1 meter), mesoscopic (below 1 cm), and microscopic (below 1 mm)—is discussed, with methods ranging from field sampling and mathematical modeling to lab-on-a-chip devices for visualization. The study emphasizes the need for further research to understand the migration mechanisms and develop effective prevention and control measures. The introduction also underscores the widespread presence of microplastics in various environments, their accumulation in ecosystems, and their potential health risks to humans. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge and identify gaps in research, particularly in the subterranean environment.