The article highlights the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the health effects of microplastics (MNPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which are small plastic particles found in various environments and can enter the human body through ingestion or inhalation. With the world producing 353 million tons of plastic waste in 2019 and projected to reach over one billion tons by 2060, the accumulation of these particles in human organs and tissues is a growing concern. Studies have shown that MNPs can cause detrimental effects in laboratory rodents and human cells, including damage to the intestine, lungs, liver, reproductive and nervous systems. Recent research has also linked MNPs to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms and health risks remain unclear. The article calls for accelerated research to determine the amounts of MNPs absorbed and accumulated in the body, their chemical composition, size, and shape, and how they affect different tissues. International efforts, such as the European Union's restrictions on microplastics and the UN Environment Assembly's resolution on a global plastics treaty, aim to address the growing plastic pollution and its health impacts.The article highlights the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the health effects of microplastics (MNPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), which are small plastic particles found in various environments and can enter the human body through ingestion or inhalation. With the world producing 353 million tons of plastic waste in 2019 and projected to reach over one billion tons by 2060, the accumulation of these particles in human organs and tissues is a growing concern. Studies have shown that MNPs can cause detrimental effects in laboratory rodents and human cells, including damage to the intestine, lungs, liver, reproductive and nervous systems. Recent research has also linked MNPs to cardiovascular disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Despite these findings, the exact mechanisms and health risks remain unclear. The article calls for accelerated research to determine the amounts of MNPs absorbed and accumulated in the body, their chemical composition, size, and shape, and how they affect different tissues. International efforts, such as the European Union's restrictions on microplastics and the UN Environment Assembly's resolution on a global plastics treaty, aim to address the growing plastic pollution and its health impacts.