The article reviews the current state of knowledge about microplastics (MP) in freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the gaps and research needs. While marine MP have received significant attention, freshwater MP are less studied. The authors note that MP are present in freshwater ecosystems, including rivers and lakes, but data on their abundance, sources, and biological effects is limited. They emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring, understanding of MP behavior in freshwater systems, assessment of exposure and biological effects, and evaluation of interactions with other contaminants. The article also discusses the potential risks of MP as vectors for exotic species and pathogens, and the importance of integrating MP into European water policies. The authors conclude that more research is needed to assess the environmental risk associated with freshwater MP and to develop effective mitigation strategies.The article reviews the current state of knowledge about microplastics (MP) in freshwater ecosystems, highlighting the gaps and research needs. While marine MP have received significant attention, freshwater MP are less studied. The authors note that MP are present in freshwater ecosystems, including rivers and lakes, but data on their abundance, sources, and biological effects is limited. They emphasize the need for comprehensive monitoring, understanding of MP behavior in freshwater systems, assessment of exposure and biological effects, and evaluation of interactions with other contaminants. The article also discusses the potential risks of MP as vectors for exotic species and pathogens, and the importance of integrating MP into European water policies. The authors conclude that more research is needed to assess the environmental risk associated with freshwater MP and to develop effective mitigation strategies.