Microsatellite markers, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are widely used in plant genetics and breeding due to their high variability, multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, and ease of automation. SSRs are tandem repeats of 1–6 nucleotide DNA motifs and are found in both coding and noncoding regions of the genome, including organellar genomes. They are highly polymorphic due to variations in the number of repeat motifs, which are caused by replication slippage and unequal crossing-over during meiosis. SSRs are valuable for genetic studies, including population genetics, phylogenetics, and marker-assisted selection. They can be developed from genomic DNA libraries or public databases like GenBank and EMBL. SSR-based techniques have been extensively developed, and a large body of literature exists on their application in plant genetics and genomics. SSRs are more reproducible and adaptable than other molecular markers such as RAPDs and RFLPs. They are also more suitable for high-throughput genotyping. SSRs are present in both nuclear and organellar genomes, and their distribution is random and dispersed. They are characterized by a low degree of repetition per locus and high length polymorphism, making them easy to detect using PCR. SSRs are important tools in plant breeding and conservation strategies, as they facilitate the identification of genetic variation and the development of marker-assisted selection. The use of SSRs has increased significantly in recent years, and their application in plant genetics continues to expand.Microsatellite markers, also known as simple sequence repeats (SSRs), are widely used in plant genetics and breeding due to their high variability, multiallelic nature, codominant inheritance, and ease of automation. SSRs are tandem repeats of 1–6 nucleotide DNA motifs and are found in both coding and noncoding regions of the genome, including organellar genomes. They are highly polymorphic due to variations in the number of repeat motifs, which are caused by replication slippage and unequal crossing-over during meiosis. SSRs are valuable for genetic studies, including population genetics, phylogenetics, and marker-assisted selection. They can be developed from genomic DNA libraries or public databases like GenBank and EMBL. SSR-based techniques have been extensively developed, and a large body of literature exists on their application in plant genetics and genomics. SSRs are more reproducible and adaptable than other molecular markers such as RAPDs and RFLPs. They are also more suitable for high-throughput genotyping. SSRs are present in both nuclear and organellar genomes, and their distribution is random and dispersed. They are characterized by a low degree of repetition per locus and high length polymorphism, making them easy to detect using PCR. SSRs are important tools in plant breeding and conservation strategies, as they facilitate the identification of genetic variation and the development of marker-assisted selection. The use of SSRs has increased significantly in recent years, and their application in plant genetics continues to expand.