Microscale technologies are emerging as powerful tools in tissue engineering and biological studies. This review discusses the application of microscale technologies in various tissue engineering applications, such as fabricating 3D microfabricated scaffolds, using them as templates for cell aggregate formation, and controlling the cellular microenvironment in vitro. Microscale technologies, including microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures, are used to regulate various aspects of the cellular microenvironment and to direct cell fate. The review also highlights the use of these technologies in performing high-throughput assays and their potential in providing insights into cellular behavior. Despite significant advances, challenges remain, such as the lack of suitable materials and the need for optimized scaffold architecture. The future direction of this field includes the continued integration of engineering, medicine, materials, and biological sciences to enhance the creation of in vivo-like physiological models.Microscale technologies are emerging as powerful tools in tissue engineering and biological studies. This review discusses the application of microscale technologies in various tissue engineering applications, such as fabricating 3D microfabricated scaffolds, using them as templates for cell aggregate formation, and controlling the cellular microenvironment in vitro. Microscale technologies, including microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures, are used to regulate various aspects of the cellular microenvironment and to direct cell fate. The review also highlights the use of these technologies in performing high-throughput assays and their potential in providing insights into cellular behavior. Despite significant advances, challenges remain, such as the lack of suitable materials and the need for optimized scaffold architecture. The future direction of this field includes the continued integration of engineering, medicine, materials, and biological sciences to enhance the creation of in vivo-like physiological models.