Microscale technologies are increasingly important in tissue engineering and biological studies. This review discusses various applications of these technologies, including the fabrication of 3D microfabricated scaffolds, cell aggregate formation templates, and spatially regulated material fabrication. These technologies enable precise control of the cellular microenvironment in vitro and support high-throughput assays. Microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures are used to regulate cellular microenvironments and direct cell fate. The review also highlights the use of microscale technologies in understanding biological mechanisms and creating physiological microenvironments. Tissue engineering aims to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue function through biological sciences and engineering. It offers advantages over traditional therapies like drugs by providing permanent solutions for organ failure. Three main approaches are used: cell-based replacement, acellular biomaterials for tissue regeneration, and combinations of cells and materials (scaffolds). Despite progress, challenges remain in creating off-the-shelf tissue-engineered organs due to limited functional cell sources, desired biomaterial properties, and the inability to generate large, vascularized tissues. Microscale technologies, such as MEMS, offer potential solutions to these challenges. They allow control at scales from <1 μm to >1 cm and are compatible with cells and biomaterials. These technologies enable unprecedented control over the cellular microenvironment and miniaturization of assays for high-throughput applications. Soft lithography, a microfabrication technique, allows for precise control of surface topography and molecular distribution, facilitating the fabrication of microfluidic channels and scaffolds. Microfabrication techniques are used to engineer microvasculature into tissue engineering scaffolds, enabling the creation of biocompatible scaffolds with controlled properties. Techniques like microfluidic patterning and 3D printing are used to generate scaffolds with controlled resolution. Spatially regulated hydrogels and scaffolds are also explored, as they can control molecular gradients and influence cell behavior. Microfluidic bioreactors provide advantages for tissue engineering by offering a large surface-area-to-volume ratio and biomimetic properties. They are used to culture cells and tissues, and to mimic liver sinusoids. These systems can control parameters such as shear stress and oxygenation, enhancing cell function. Cell assembly techniques, such as template-based cell assembly, are used to fabricate artificial microtissues. These methods allow for controlled cell aggregation and can be used in various tissue engineering applications. Microscale approaches also enable the control of the cellular microenvironment, which is crucial for understanding cell behavior and directing cell fate. Microfluidics are used to regulate cell-soluble factor interactions, allowing for the study of cell behavior in response to various signals. Patterned cocultures are used to control cell-cell interactions, providing insights into tissue engineering and biological processes. High-throughput assays are also used to test material libraries and evaluate the effects of natural ECM molecules on cell fate. The future of microscale technologies in tissue engineering involves the synthesis of newMicroscale technologies are increasingly important in tissue engineering and biological studies. This review discusses various applications of these technologies, including the fabrication of 3D microfabricated scaffolds, cell aggregate formation templates, and spatially regulated material fabrication. These technologies enable precise control of the cellular microenvironment in vitro and support high-throughput assays. Microfluidics, surface patterning, and patterned cocultures are used to regulate cellular microenvironments and direct cell fate. The review also highlights the use of microscale technologies in understanding biological mechanisms and creating physiological microenvironments. Tissue engineering aims to restore, maintain, or enhance tissue function through biological sciences and engineering. It offers advantages over traditional therapies like drugs by providing permanent solutions for organ failure. Three main approaches are used: cell-based replacement, acellular biomaterials for tissue regeneration, and combinations of cells and materials (scaffolds). Despite progress, challenges remain in creating off-the-shelf tissue-engineered organs due to limited functional cell sources, desired biomaterial properties, and the inability to generate large, vascularized tissues. Microscale technologies, such as MEMS, offer potential solutions to these challenges. They allow control at scales from <1 μm to >1 cm and are compatible with cells and biomaterials. These technologies enable unprecedented control over the cellular microenvironment and miniaturization of assays for high-throughput applications. Soft lithography, a microfabrication technique, allows for precise control of surface topography and molecular distribution, facilitating the fabrication of microfluidic channels and scaffolds. Microfabrication techniques are used to engineer microvasculature into tissue engineering scaffolds, enabling the creation of biocompatible scaffolds with controlled properties. Techniques like microfluidic patterning and 3D printing are used to generate scaffolds with controlled resolution. Spatially regulated hydrogels and scaffolds are also explored, as they can control molecular gradients and influence cell behavior. Microfluidic bioreactors provide advantages for tissue engineering by offering a large surface-area-to-volume ratio and biomimetic properties. They are used to culture cells and tissues, and to mimic liver sinusoids. These systems can control parameters such as shear stress and oxygenation, enhancing cell function. Cell assembly techniques, such as template-based cell assembly, are used to fabricate artificial microtissues. These methods allow for controlled cell aggregation and can be used in various tissue engineering applications. Microscale approaches also enable the control of the cellular microenvironment, which is crucial for understanding cell behavior and directing cell fate. Microfluidics are used to regulate cell-soluble factor interactions, allowing for the study of cell behavior in response to various signals. Patterned cocultures are used to control cell-cell interactions, providing insights into tissue engineering and biological processes. High-throughput assays are also used to test material libraries and evaluate the effects of natural ECM molecules on cell fate. The future of microscale technologies in tissue engineering involves the synthesis of new