The paper reviews the use of microwave heating processes involving carbon materials, highlighting their advantages and applications. Carbon materials are excellent microwave absorbers, making them suitable for various thermal treatments. The review covers the synthesis of carbon materials, such as nanotubes and nanofilaments, using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and direct microwave irradiation. It also discusses the production, modification, and regeneration of activated carbons through microwave-assisted processes, which offer significant time and energy savings compared to conventional methods. The application of microwave heating in metallurgy and mineral processing, particularly in the reduction of metal oxides and the pyrolysis of biomass and biosolids, is explored. Additionally, the paper examines the enhancement of carbon-catalyzed reactions using microwaves, which can improve reaction rates and selectivities. Overall, the use of microwaves in carbon-related processes offers a more efficient, rapid, and cost-effective approach to various industrial applications.The paper reviews the use of microwave heating processes involving carbon materials, highlighting their advantages and applications. Carbon materials are excellent microwave absorbers, making them suitable for various thermal treatments. The review covers the synthesis of carbon materials, such as nanotubes and nanofilaments, using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and direct microwave irradiation. It also discusses the production, modification, and regeneration of activated carbons through microwave-assisted processes, which offer significant time and energy savings compared to conventional methods. The application of microwave heating in metallurgy and mineral processing, particularly in the reduction of metal oxides and the pyrolysis of biomass and biosolids, is explored. Additionally, the paper examines the enhancement of carbon-catalyzed reactions using microwaves, which can improve reaction rates and selectivities. Overall, the use of microwaves in carbon-related processes offers a more efficient, rapid, and cost-effective approach to various industrial applications.