Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus first detected in April 2012, causing severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate. It was officially named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in May 2013. MERS-CoV belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus and is a single-stranded RNA virus. As of November 2013, 157 confirmed and 19 probable cases were reported across nine countries, all linked to the Middle East. The virus is primarily transmitted from animals, particularly camels, though the exact human-to-human transmission mechanism remains unclear. Limited human-to-human transmission has been observed, but sustained community transmission has not been confirmed. Clinical symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia, with about half of the patients dying. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and laboratory tests, including PCR and serological tests. Cases are classified as confirmed, probable, or under investigation based on epidemiological links and clinical presentation. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with sick animals and practicing good hygiene. There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for MERS-CoV, and supportive care is the main approach. Healthcare workers are at higher risk of infection, and strict infection control measures are recommended. Research suggests that convalescent plasma may be a potential treatment option. The exact origin and transmission routes of MERS-CoV are still under investigation.Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus first detected in April 2012, causing severe respiratory illness with a high mortality rate. It was officially named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in May 2013. MERS-CoV belongs to the Betacoronavirus genus and is a single-stranded RNA virus. As of November 2013, 157 confirmed and 19 probable cases were reported across nine countries, all linked to the Middle East. The virus is primarily transmitted from animals, particularly camels, though the exact human-to-human transmission mechanism remains unclear. Limited human-to-human transmission has been observed, but sustained community transmission has not been confirmed. Clinical symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia, with about half of the patients dying. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria and laboratory tests, including PCR and serological tests. Cases are classified as confirmed, probable, or under investigation based on epidemiological links and clinical presentation. Prevention measures include avoiding contact with sick animals and practicing good hygiene. There is currently no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for MERS-CoV, and supportive care is the main approach. Healthcare workers are at higher risk of infection, and strict infection control measures are recommended. Research suggests that convalescent plasma may be a potential treatment option. The exact origin and transmission routes of MERS-CoV are still under investigation.