The article discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first detected in April 2012. MERS-CoV, named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in May 2013, is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Betacoronavirus genus. As of November 2013, 157 confirmed and 19 probable cases had been reported from nine countries, all with a direct or indirect connection to the Middle East. The median age of patients was 51 years, and 69% of confirmed and probable cases had died. The transmission of MERS-CoV is not fully understood, but it has been detected in camels and bats, though the exact role of these animals in human infection remains unclear. Human-to-human transmission has occurred, particularly among family members and healthcare workers, but the specific mechanisms are not fully established. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia, with about half of infected patients dying. Immunocompromised individuals may exhibit atypical symptoms. The article outlines the criteria for case classification, including underinvestigated cases, probable cases, and confirmed cases, based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. It also discusses the importance of proper specimen collection and testing, emphasizing the need for molecular diagnostics such as PCR to confirm infections. Prevention and treatment measures are crucial due to the unknown sources and modes of transmission. Healthcare workers are advised to follow infection control practices to minimize the risk of transmission.The article discusses the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), a novel coronavirus first detected in April 2012. MERS-CoV, named by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in May 2013, is a single-stranded RNA virus of the Betacoronavirus genus. As of November 2013, 157 confirmed and 19 probable cases had been reported from nine countries, all with a direct or indirect connection to the Middle East. The median age of patients was 51 years, and 69% of confirmed and probable cases had died. The transmission of MERS-CoV is not fully understood, but it has been detected in camels and bats, though the exact role of these animals in human infection remains unclear. Human-to-human transmission has occurred, particularly among family members and healthcare workers, but the specific mechanisms are not fully established. Symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and pneumonia, with about half of infected patients dying. Immunocompromised individuals may exhibit atypical symptoms. The article outlines the criteria for case classification, including underinvestigated cases, probable cases, and confirmed cases, based on clinical, radiological, and laboratory findings. It also discusses the importance of proper specimen collection and testing, emphasizing the need for molecular diagnostics such as PCR to confirm infections. Prevention and treatment measures are crucial due to the unknown sources and modes of transmission. Healthcare workers are advised to follow infection control practices to minimize the risk of transmission.