Migration and sustainable development are deeply interconnected, with migration influencing environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Migration involves movement of people for various reasons, including economic opportunities, social conflict, and environmental stress, and it has significant implications for sustainable development. Migration can contribute to sustainability transitions when it enhances well-being without exacerbating structural inequalities or increasing environmental burdens. However, migration also presents challenges, such as social inequality, environmental degradation, and the need for effective governance. Migration is a key driver of demographic change, with significant impacts on population distribution, resource use, and environmental sustainability. Global migration trends show a growing number of international migrants, with a significant proportion moving to large open trading economies. Migration can lead to both positive and negative outcomes, depending on the context. For example, migration can enhance economic opportunities and social mobility, but it can also lead to social tensions and environmental pressures in destination areas. The relationship between migration and sustainable development is complex, involving interactions between migration processes, environmental changes, and social dynamics. Migration can contribute to sustainability by promoting innovation, adaptation, and the redistribution of resources. However, it can also lead to challenges such as social inequality, environmental degradation, and the need for inclusive governance. Effective migration governance is essential to ensure that migration supports sustainable development, including equitable access to resources, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Sustainability science must integrate migration into its frameworks to better understand and address the challenges and opportunities presented by migration. This includes considering the role of migration in shaping long-term development trajectories, the impacts of migration on environmental resources, and the need for inclusive policies that support both migrants and host communities. The integration of migration into sustainability science is crucial for developing effective strategies that promote sustainable development, equitable resource distribution, and social inclusion.Migration and sustainable development are deeply interconnected, with migration influencing environmental, social, and economic outcomes. Migration involves movement of people for various reasons, including economic opportunities, social conflict, and environmental stress, and it has significant implications for sustainable development. Migration can contribute to sustainability transitions when it enhances well-being without exacerbating structural inequalities or increasing environmental burdens. However, migration also presents challenges, such as social inequality, environmental degradation, and the need for effective governance. Migration is a key driver of demographic change, with significant impacts on population distribution, resource use, and environmental sustainability. Global migration trends show a growing number of international migrants, with a significant proportion moving to large open trading economies. Migration can lead to both positive and negative outcomes, depending on the context. For example, migration can enhance economic opportunities and social mobility, but it can also lead to social tensions and environmental pressures in destination areas. The relationship between migration and sustainable development is complex, involving interactions between migration processes, environmental changes, and social dynamics. Migration can contribute to sustainability by promoting innovation, adaptation, and the redistribution of resources. However, it can also lead to challenges such as social inequality, environmental degradation, and the need for inclusive governance. Effective migration governance is essential to ensure that migration supports sustainable development, including equitable access to resources, social inclusion, and environmental protection. Sustainability science must integrate migration into its frameworks to better understand and address the challenges and opportunities presented by migration. This includes considering the role of migration in shaping long-term development trajectories, the impacts of migration on environmental resources, and the need for inclusive policies that support both migrants and host communities. The integration of migration into sustainability science is crucial for developing effective strategies that promote sustainable development, equitable resource distribution, and social inclusion.