This review builds on self-control theory to develop a theoretical framework for investigating the associations between implicit theories and self-regulation. The framework conceptualizes self-regulation in terms of three crucial processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. A meta-analysis of 113 studies with 28,217 participants across diverse achievement domains and populations demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which in turn predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, which believe human attributes are malleable, significantly predicted goal setting (performance goals, r = -.151; learning goals, r = .187), goal operating (helpless-oriented strategies, r = -.238; mastery-oriented strategies, r = .227), and goal monitoring (negative emotions, r = -.233; expectations, r = .157). The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence of ego threats such as failure feedback. The review emphasizes how merging an implicit theory perspective with self-control theory advances scholarship and opens new directions for basic and applied research. The review also discusses how conceptualizing the implicit theories literature from the perspective of self-control theory yields immediate directions for future research. The review introduces the Setting/Operating/Monitoring/Achievement (SOMA) Model, which synthesizes the implicit theories literature with self-control theory. The SOMA Model integrates theorizing from the implicit theories and self-control literatures to examine the associations of implicit theories with self-regulatory processes and identify moderators of these associations. The model also examines the associations of implicit theories with goal achievement and an important theoretical moderator of these associations. The review discusses how implicit theories influence goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring, and how these processes relate to goal achievement. The review also examines the role of approach/avoidance distinctions in moderating the links between implicit theories and goal setting. The review concludes that implicit theories are important predictors of self-regulatory processes and goal achievement, with entity theorists more likely to set performance goals and incremental theorists more likely to set learning goals. The review also discusses how implicit theories influence negative emotions and expectations related to goal achievement. The review highlights the importance of ego threat in moderating the relationships between implicit theories and self-regulatory processes. The review concludes that implicit theories are closely linked to self-regulatory processes and goal achievement, and that these relationships are influenced by various moderators, including ego threat.This review builds on self-control theory to develop a theoretical framework for investigating the associations between implicit theories and self-regulation. The framework conceptualizes self-regulation in terms of three crucial processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. A meta-analysis of 113 studies with 28,217 participants across diverse achievement domains and populations demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which in turn predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, which believe human attributes are malleable, significantly predicted goal setting (performance goals, r = -.151; learning goals, r = .187), goal operating (helpless-oriented strategies, r = -.238; mastery-oriented strategies, r = .227), and goal monitoring (negative emotions, r = -.233; expectations, r = .157). The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence of ego threats such as failure feedback. The review emphasizes how merging an implicit theory perspective with self-control theory advances scholarship and opens new directions for basic and applied research. The review also discusses how conceptualizing the implicit theories literature from the perspective of self-control theory yields immediate directions for future research. The review introduces the Setting/Operating/Monitoring/Achievement (SOMA) Model, which synthesizes the implicit theories literature with self-control theory. The SOMA Model integrates theorizing from the implicit theories and self-control literatures to examine the associations of implicit theories with self-regulatory processes and identify moderators of these associations. The model also examines the associations of implicit theories with goal achievement and an important theoretical moderator of these associations. The review discusses how implicit theories influence goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring, and how these processes relate to goal achievement. The review also examines the role of approach/avoidance distinctions in moderating the links between implicit theories and goal setting. The review concludes that implicit theories are important predictors of self-regulatory processes and goal achievement, with entity theorists more likely to set performance goals and incremental theorists more likely to set learning goals. The review also discusses how implicit theories influence negative emotions and expectations related to goal achievement. The review highlights the importance of ego threat in moderating the relationships between implicit theories and self-regulatory processes. The review concludes that implicit theories are closely linked to self-regulatory processes and goal achievement, and that these relationships are influenced by various moderators, including ego threat.