This meta-analytic review, titled "Mindsets Matter: A Meta-Analytic Review of Implicit Theories and Self-Regulation," builds on self-control theory to develop a framework for investigating the associations between implicit theories and self-regulation. The framework conceptualizes self-regulation through three processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. The study included articles that quantitatively assessed implicit theories and at least one self-regulatory process or outcome. Using a random effects approach, the meta-analysis (total unique $N = 28,217$; $k = 113$) across diverse achievement domains and populations demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which in turn predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, characterized by the belief that human attributes are malleable, significantly predicted goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence of ego threats such as failure feedback. The review discusses how the integration of implicit theory perspectives with self-control theory advances scholarship and suggests new directions for research.This meta-analytic review, titled "Mindsets Matter: A Meta-Analytic Review of Implicit Theories and Self-Regulation," builds on self-control theory to develop a framework for investigating the associations between implicit theories and self-regulation. The framework conceptualizes self-regulation through three processes: goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. The study included articles that quantitatively assessed implicit theories and at least one self-regulatory process or outcome. Using a random effects approach, the meta-analysis (total unique $N = 28,217$; $k = 113$) across diverse achievement domains and populations demonstrated that implicit theories predict distinct self-regulatory processes, which in turn predict goal achievement. Incremental theories, characterized by the belief that human attributes are malleable, significantly predicted goal setting, goal operating, and goal monitoring. The effects for goal setting and goal operating were stronger in the presence of ego threats such as failure feedback. The review discusses how the integration of implicit theory perspectives with self-control theory advances scholarship and suggests new directions for research.