Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. This study investigated whether mindfulness training (MT) alters or enhances specific aspects of attention. Three attentional subsystems—alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring—were examined using the Attention Network Test (ANT). Two MT programs were tested: an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course and a 1-month intensive mindfulness retreat. Participants were tested before and after training. The MBSR group, consisting of individuals naive to meditation, showed improved orienting performance at Time 2 compared to the control and retreat groups. The retreat group, with prior meditation experience, showed improved exogenous stimulus detection at Time 2 compared to the control and MBSR groups. The groups did not differ in conflict monitoring performance at Time 2. These results suggest that MT may improve attention-related behavioral responses by enhancing functioning of specific subcomponents of attention. The MBSR course improved endogenous orienting, while the retreat allowed for the development of receptive attentional skills, improving exogenous alerting. Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in the present moment. MT has roots in meditation practices and is now widely used in medical contexts. MBSR is a popular form of MT that has been shown to be effective for various conditions. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The results suggest that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancingMindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention. This study investigated whether mindfulness training (MT) alters or enhances specific aspects of attention. Three attentional subsystems—alerting, orienting, and conflict monitoring—were examined using the Attention Network Test (ANT). Two MT programs were tested: an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) course and a 1-month intensive mindfulness retreat. Participants were tested before and after training. The MBSR group, consisting of individuals naive to meditation, showed improved orienting performance at Time 2 compared to the control and retreat groups. The retreat group, with prior meditation experience, showed improved exogenous stimulus detection at Time 2 compared to the control and MBSR groups. The groups did not differ in conflict monitoring performance at Time 2. These results suggest that MT may improve attention-related behavioral responses by enhancing functioning of specific subcomponents of attention. The MBSR course improved endogenous orienting, while the retreat allowed for the development of receptive attentional skills, improving exogenous alerting. Mindfulness is defined as paying attention in the present moment. MT has roots in meditation practices and is now widely used in medical contexts. MBSR is a popular form of MT that has been shown to be effective for various conditions. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The results suggest that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing specific subcomponents of attention. The study found that MT may improve attentional functions by enhancing