The article reviews the interactions between organic carbon (SOC) and soil minerals, highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on SOC stability. Key interactions include sorption, redox reactions, co-precipitation, dissolution, polymerization, and catalytic reactions. These interactions significantly affect SOC stability through processes such as mineral-organic carbon association formation, oxidative transformation, catalytic polymerization, and varying association stability. The review also discusses the role of microorganisms in mediating these interactions and the impact of mineral properties on SOC stability. Case studies from various eco-environmental settings are presented to illustrate the real-world implications of these interactions, emphasizing the need for further research to understand and predict the fate of SOC in different land use scenarios. The article concludes by outlining current research gaps and future research priorities, aiming to deepen the understanding of soil carbon storage capacity and its interactions with minerals.The article reviews the interactions between organic carbon (SOC) and soil minerals, highlighting their mechanisms and impacts on SOC stability. Key interactions include sorption, redox reactions, co-precipitation, dissolution, polymerization, and catalytic reactions. These interactions significantly affect SOC stability through processes such as mineral-organic carbon association formation, oxidative transformation, catalytic polymerization, and varying association stability. The review also discusses the role of microorganisms in mediating these interactions and the impact of mineral properties on SOC stability. Case studies from various eco-environmental settings are presented to illustrate the real-world implications of these interactions, emphasizing the need for further research to understand and predict the fate of SOC in different land use scenarios. The article concludes by outlining current research gaps and future research priorities, aiming to deepen the understanding of soil carbon storage capacity and its interactions with minerals.