The article discusses the role of mitochondrial transcription in cancer, highlighting its significance in energy supply, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Mitochondrial transcription is regulated by mtDNA, POLRMT, TFAM, TF2BEM, TEFM, and mTERFs. Dysregulation of these factors leads to altered mtDNA expression, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to tumor progression. The article explores the potential of targeting mitochondrial transcription and related pathways for cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. It also discusses the role of mtDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer and the therapeutic potential of modulating POLRMT, TFAM, TF2M, and MTERFs. Additionally, the article addresses the impact of mitochondrial transcription on cancer-associated cachexia, a severe metabolic syndrome characterized by muscle loss in cancer patients. Overall, the article underscores the emerging importance of mitochondrial transcription in cancer biology and the need for further research to develop targeted therapies.The article discusses the role of mitochondrial transcription in cancer, highlighting its significance in energy supply, metabolism, and cell proliferation. Mitochondrial transcription is regulated by mtDNA, POLRMT, TFAM, TF2BEM, TEFM, and mTERFs. Dysregulation of these factors leads to altered mtDNA expression, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to tumor progression. The article explores the potential of targeting mitochondrial transcription and related pathways for cancer treatment, emphasizing the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. It also discusses the role of mtDNA as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in cancer and the therapeutic potential of modulating POLRMT, TFAM, TF2M, and MTERFs. Additionally, the article addresses the impact of mitochondrial transcription on cancer-associated cachexia, a severe metabolic syndrome characterized by muscle loss in cancer patients. Overall, the article underscores the emerging importance of mitochondrial transcription in cancer biology and the need for further research to develop targeted therapies.