The review discusses the role of mitochondrial dynamics, particularly fission and fusion, in apoptosis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continuously divide and fuse to form a network. During apoptosis, this network disintegrates, leading to smaller and more numerous mitochondria. The proteins involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion also play a role in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis is crucial for various cellular processes and is mediated by caspases, which are activated through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The mitochondrial stage of apoptosis control is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, which control the release of proteins from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, including cytochrome c. Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, induce cytochrome c release, while anti-apoptotic members like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibit it. The review explores the mechanisms by which mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery intersect with apoptosis pathways, including the role of Drp1, Fis1, Endophilin B1, mitofusins, and OPA1. It also discusses the involvement of post-translational modifications and the interaction between Bcl-2 family members and mitochondrial proteins. The review highlights the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in programmed cell death and the potential links between mitochondrial morphology and various cellular processes such as aging, autophagy, and ROS production.The review discusses the role of mitochondrial dynamics, particularly fission and fusion, in apoptosis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that continuously divide and fuse to form a network. During apoptosis, this network disintegrates, leading to smaller and more numerous mitochondria. The proteins involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion also play a role in apoptosis induction. Apoptosis is crucial for various cellular processes and is mediated by caspases, which are activated through extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. The mitochondrial stage of apoptosis control is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of proteins, which control the release of proteins from the mitochondrial membrane to the cytosol, including cytochrome c. Bax and Bak, pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, induce cytochrome c release, while anti-apoptotic members like Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL inhibit it. The review explores the mechanisms by which mitochondrial fission and fusion machinery intersect with apoptosis pathways, including the role of Drp1, Fis1, Endophilin B1, mitofusins, and OPA1. It also discusses the involvement of post-translational modifications and the interaction between Bcl-2 family members and mitochondrial proteins. The review highlights the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in programmed cell death and the potential links between mitochondrial morphology and various cellular processes such as aging, autophagy, and ROS production.