Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in aging and age-related diseases. Mitochondria, essential for cellular energy production and maintaining cellular homeostasis, are affected by various factors including oxidative stress, DNA mutations, and impaired calcium signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to increased ROS production, which contributes to cellular damage and aging. Mitophagy, the process of removing damaged mitochondria, is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and preventing oxidative stress. However, aging can impair mitophagy, leading to the accumulation of defective mitochondria and further exacerbating aging-related conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with several age-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function to combat age-related diseases. These strategies include lifestyle interventions such as caloric restriction and exercise, as well as pharmacological agents that improve mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Natural compounds like resveratrol, Urolithin A, and melatonin have shown promise in improving mitochondrial health and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, senolytic drugs that target senescent cells may help alleviate aging-related pathologies by reducing the burden of senescent cells and their secretions. The review also discusses the importance of mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission processes, in maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular health. Defects in these processes are linked to aging and age-related diseases. Furthermore, the role of mitokines, signaling molecules that regulate mitochondrial function, is highlighted as a potential therapeutic target. Overall, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction through various interventions offers a promising approach to combat aging and its associated diseases.Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key factor in aging and age-related diseases. Mitochondria, essential for cellular energy production and maintaining cellular homeostasis, are affected by various factors including oxidative stress, DNA mutations, and impaired calcium signaling. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to increased ROS production, which contributes to cellular damage and aging. Mitophagy, the process of removing damaged mitochondria, is crucial for maintaining mitochondrial integrity and preventing oxidative stress. However, aging can impair mitophagy, leading to the accumulation of defective mitochondria and further exacerbating aging-related conditions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with several age-related disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The review highlights the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in aging and explores potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial function to combat age-related diseases. These strategies include lifestyle interventions such as caloric restriction and exercise, as well as pharmacological agents that improve mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Natural compounds like resveratrol, Urolithin A, and melatonin have shown promise in improving mitochondrial health and reducing oxidative stress. Additionally, senolytic drugs that target senescent cells may help alleviate aging-related pathologies by reducing the burden of senescent cells and their secretions. The review also discusses the importance of mitochondrial dynamics, including fusion and fission processes, in maintaining mitochondrial function and cellular health. Defects in these processes are linked to aging and age-related diseases. Furthermore, the role of mitokines, signaling molecules that regulate mitochondrial function, is highlighted as a potential therapeutic target. Overall, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction through various interventions offers a promising approach to combat aging and its associated diseases.