The study investigates the role of mitochondrial transfer (MT) from adipose stem cells (ASCs) to breast cancer cells (BCCs) in driving multi-drug resistance (MDR). The authors used co-culture models and various techniques, including MitoTracker, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, to demonstrate that MT occurs via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and can be blocked by actin polymerization inhibitors. They found that BCCs co-cultured with ASCs derived mitochondria (ADM) showed reduced HIF-1α expression in hypoxic conditions, increased ATP production, and enhanced ABC transporter-mediated MDR. The study also confirmed that blocking MT restored drug sensitivity, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the tumor microenvironment and the role of MT in cancer progression and therapy resistance.The study investigates the role of mitochondrial transfer (MT) from adipose stem cells (ASCs) to breast cancer cells (BCCs) in driving multi-drug resistance (MDR). The authors used co-culture models and various techniques, including MitoTracker, confocal microscopy, and flow cytometry, to demonstrate that MT occurs via tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) and can be blocked by actin polymerization inhibitors. They found that BCCs co-cultured with ASCs derived mitochondria (ADM) showed reduced HIF-1α expression in hypoxic conditions, increased ATP production, and enhanced ABC transporter-mediated MDR. The study also confirmed that blocking MT restored drug sensitivity, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer treatment. The findings highlight the importance of understanding the tumor microenvironment and the role of MT in cancer progression and therapy resistance.