Chronic inflammation is a major underlying factor in aging and age-related diseases. This review discusses the role of low-grade, unresolved molecular inflammation in aging and age-related pathologies, highlighting its link between normal aging and disease processes. Accumulated data show that aging is associated with chronic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, due to age-related redox imbalance. These mediators contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, which are central to aging and age-related diseases. Caloric restriction and exercise are reviewed as anti-inflammatory interventions that reduce oxidative stress and suppress pro-inflammatory signaling. The review emphasizes the molecular mechanisms of aging, including oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and the role of inflammatory mediators in age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, dementia, atherosclerosis, cancer, and osteoporosis. It also discusses the involvement of inflammation in these diseases and the potential of interventions like CR and exercise to modulate inflammatory processes. The review concludes that chronic inflammation is a key factor in aging and age-related diseases, and that targeting inflammation may help promote healthy aging.Chronic inflammation is a major underlying factor in aging and age-related diseases. This review discusses the role of low-grade, unresolved molecular inflammation in aging and age-related pathologies, highlighting its link between normal aging and disease processes. Accumulated data show that aging is associated with chronic up-regulation of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-2, and iNOS, due to age-related redox imbalance. These mediators contribute to the activation of inflammatory pathways, including NF-κB, which are central to aging and age-related diseases. Caloric restriction and exercise are reviewed as anti-inflammatory interventions that reduce oxidative stress and suppress pro-inflammatory signaling. The review emphasizes the molecular mechanisms of aging, including oxidative stress, redox imbalance, and the role of inflammatory mediators in age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, metabolic syndrome, obesity, dementia, atherosclerosis, cancer, and osteoporosis. It also discusses the involvement of inflammation in these diseases and the potential of interventions like CR and exercise to modulate inflammatory processes. The review concludes that chronic inflammation is a key factor in aging and age-related diseases, and that targeting inflammation may help promote healthy aging.