The article discusses the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis, focusing on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its inhibitors. It outlines the complex process of blood vessel formation, including vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis, and explains how these processes are regulated by various signaling pathways. The VEGF family, including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, with VEGF-A being the primary driver. The article also covers the roles of other growth factors such as PDGF, TGF-β, FGF, and ANG, as well as their receptors, in angiogenesis and vascular development. It discusses the clinical applications of anti-angiogenic therapies, particularly VEGF inhibitors, in cancer and eye diseases, highlighting their effectiveness and challenges in treatment. The article also addresses the resistance to VEGF inhibitors in advanced cancers and the need for improved therapeutic strategies. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis to develop more effective treatments for various diseases. The review concludes with future directions for research and clinical applications in the field of angiogenesis.The article discusses the molecular mechanisms and clinical applications of angiogenesis, focusing on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its inhibitors. It outlines the complex process of blood vessel formation, including vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis, and explains how these processes are regulated by various signaling pathways. The VEGF family, including VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D, plays a crucial role in angiogenesis, with VEGF-A being the primary driver. The article also covers the roles of other growth factors such as PDGF, TGF-β, FGF, and ANG, as well as their receptors, in angiogenesis and vascular development. It discusses the clinical applications of anti-angiogenic therapies, particularly VEGF inhibitors, in cancer and eye diseases, highlighting their effectiveness and challenges in treatment. The article also addresses the resistance to VEGF inhibitors in advanced cancers and the need for improved therapeutic strategies. It emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis to develop more effective treatments for various diseases. The review concludes with future directions for research and clinical applications in the field of angiogenesis.