More Axion Stars from Strings

More Axion Stars from Strings

20 Aug 2024 | Marco Gorghetto, Edward Hardy, and Giovanni Villadoro
This paper investigates the formation of axion stars in the post-inflationary scenario for QCD axion dark matter. It shows that more than 10% of dark matter can collapse into axion stars at matter-radiation equality, with a large population of solitons with asteroid masses and Earth-Moon distance sizes. These axion stars could survive until today, with potential implications for phenomenology and experimental searches. The study finds that axion stars can comprise up to one fifth of the total dark matter, implying a much larger population of such objects. The formation of axion stars at matter-radiation equality has been largely overlooked by previous numerical studies due to the wave nature of axions being blind to by N-body simulations. The paper discusses the evolution of axion fields through matter-radiation equality and the formation of axion stars. It also explores the dynamics of axion stars long after matter-radiation equality and the implications for future work and observational experiments. The results show that the fraction of dark matter bound in axion stars, $ f_{star} $, is expected to be greater than 0.1 for a wide range of plausible values of the axion decay constant $ f_{a} $. The mass distribution of axion stars is potentially important for phenomenology, with most axions in axion stars contained in stars with mass of approximately $ \bar{M}_{s} $. The paper concludes that axion stars are a significant component of dark matter and could have important implications for future observational and experimental studies.This paper investigates the formation of axion stars in the post-inflationary scenario for QCD axion dark matter. It shows that more than 10% of dark matter can collapse into axion stars at matter-radiation equality, with a large population of solitons with asteroid masses and Earth-Moon distance sizes. These axion stars could survive until today, with potential implications for phenomenology and experimental searches. The study finds that axion stars can comprise up to one fifth of the total dark matter, implying a much larger population of such objects. The formation of axion stars at matter-radiation equality has been largely overlooked by previous numerical studies due to the wave nature of axions being blind to by N-body simulations. The paper discusses the evolution of axion fields through matter-radiation equality and the formation of axion stars. It also explores the dynamics of axion stars long after matter-radiation equality and the implications for future work and observational experiments. The results show that the fraction of dark matter bound in axion stars, $ f_{star} $, is expected to be greater than 0.1 for a wide range of plausible values of the axion decay constant $ f_{a} $. The mass distribution of axion stars is potentially important for phenomenology, with most axions in axion stars contained in stars with mass of approximately $ \bar{M}_{s} $. The paper concludes that axion stars are a significant component of dark matter and could have important implications for future observational and experimental studies.
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