The paper discusses the challenge of understanding multidimensional deprivation and the differences between approaches that focus on the union or intersection of deprivations. It contrasts the social welfare approach with the "counting" approach, which focuses on the number of dimensions in which individuals are deprived. The paper explores how these approaches relate to social welfare concepts and multidimensional poverty measures. It highlights the importance of identifying the correct aggregation method for deprivation, as this affects the interpretation of poverty and social welfare. The paper also discusses the two main forms of aggregation: one that combines individual deprivations and another that aggregates across individuals. It notes that the choice of aggregation method can significantly affect the interpretation of poverty and social welfare. The paper concludes that further research is needed to develop more accurate and comprehensive measures of deprivation.The paper discusses the challenge of understanding multidimensional deprivation and the differences between approaches that focus on the union or intersection of deprivations. It contrasts the social welfare approach with the "counting" approach, which focuses on the number of dimensions in which individuals are deprived. The paper explores how these approaches relate to social welfare concepts and multidimensional poverty measures. It highlights the importance of identifying the correct aggregation method for deprivation, as this affects the interpretation of poverty and social welfare. The paper also discusses the two main forms of aggregation: one that combines individual deprivations and another that aggregates across individuals. It notes that the choice of aggregation method can significantly affect the interpretation of poverty and social welfare. The paper concludes that further research is needed to develop more accurate and comprehensive measures of deprivation.