This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain. The review includes 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1964 patients with disabling low back pain for more than three months. The main outcomes measured were pain, function, employment, quality of life, and global assessments. The results show strong evidence that intensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation with functional restoration improves function compared to non-multidisciplinary treatments. Moderate evidence suggests that such rehabilitation reduces pain compared to outpatient non-multidisciplinary rehabilitation or usual care. However, there is contradictory evidence regarding vocational outcomes, with some trials reporting improvements in work readiness while others show no significant reduction in sickness leaves. Less intensive outpatient psychophysical treatments did not improve pain, function, or vocational outcomes compared to non-multidisciplinary outpatient therapy or usual care. The review concludes that intensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation with functional restoration is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic low back pain, while less intensive interventions do not show clinically relevant improvements.This systematic review assesses the effectiveness of multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation on clinically relevant outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain. The review includes 10 randomized controlled trials involving 1964 patients with disabling low back pain for more than three months. The main outcomes measured were pain, function, employment, quality of life, and global assessments. The results show strong evidence that intensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation with functional restoration improves function compared to non-multidisciplinary treatments. Moderate evidence suggests that such rehabilitation reduces pain compared to outpatient non-multidisciplinary rehabilitation or usual care. However, there is contradictory evidence regarding vocational outcomes, with some trials reporting improvements in work readiness while others show no significant reduction in sickness leaves. Less intensive outpatient psychophysical treatments did not improve pain, function, or vocational outcomes compared to non-multidisciplinary outpatient therapy or usual care. The review concludes that intensive multidisciplinary biopsychosocial rehabilitation with functional restoration is effective in reducing pain and improving function in patients with chronic low back pain, while less intensive interventions do not show clinically relevant improvements.