Multifunctional nanofibrous membranes for integrated air purification have emerged as a promising solution to effectively remove diverse air pollutants. These membranes integrate multiple functions, such as catalytic, adsorption, and antimicrobial properties, through synergistic integration with functional materials. This review explores the design concepts and fabrication strategies of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes to facilitate the integrated removal of multiple air pollutants. It also introduces nanofibrous membrane preparation methods, PM removal mechanisms, and performance metrics. The review outlines methods for removing various air pollutants and reviews different air purification materials. Finally, it highlights the design approaches and the state-of-the-art of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes for integrated air purification. Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and pathogenic microorganisms, have adverse effects on both the ecosystem and human health. Existing air purification technologies often entail high energy consumption, maintenance costs, and complexity. Recent developments in air purification technology based on multifunctional nanofibrous membranes present a promising single-step solution for the effective removal of diverse air pollutants. The yearly emissions of air pollutants are staggering and continue to rise steadily. According to statistics from the European Commission, 4.52 × 10¹¹ kg of air pollutants were emitted worldwide in 2018. Air pollution causes a significant proportion of deaths globally, with 16.65% of deaths in 2019 attributed to air pollution. These include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke. Air pollution also poses a threat in terms of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, such as influenza, tuberculosis, chickenpox, SARS, H1N1, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Interactions between different air pollutants further complicate the challenges of air pollution. Given these pressing concerns, there is an urgent need to develop advanced air purification technologies to address the escalating issue of air pollution.Multifunctional nanofibrous membranes for integrated air purification have emerged as a promising solution to effectively remove diverse air pollutants. These membranes integrate multiple functions, such as catalytic, adsorption, and antimicrobial properties, through synergistic integration with functional materials. This review explores the design concepts and fabrication strategies of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes to facilitate the integrated removal of multiple air pollutants. It also introduces nanofibrous membrane preparation methods, PM removal mechanisms, and performance metrics. The review outlines methods for removing various air pollutants and reviews different air purification materials. Finally, it highlights the design approaches and the state-of-the-art of multifunctional nanofibrous membranes for integrated air purification. Air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and pathogenic microorganisms, have adverse effects on both the ecosystem and human health. Existing air purification technologies often entail high energy consumption, maintenance costs, and complexity. Recent developments in air purification technology based on multifunctional nanofibrous membranes present a promising single-step solution for the effective removal of diverse air pollutants. The yearly emissions of air pollutants are staggering and continue to rise steadily. According to statistics from the European Commission, 4.52 × 10¹¹ kg of air pollutants were emitted worldwide in 2018. Air pollution causes a significant proportion of deaths globally, with 16.65% of deaths in 2019 attributed to air pollution. These include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, ischemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke. Air pollution also poses a threat in terms of the spread of pathogenic microorganisms, such as influenza, tuberculosis, chickenpox, SARS, H1N1, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic. Interactions between different air pollutants further complicate the challenges of air pollution. Given these pressing concerns, there is an urgent need to develop advanced air purification technologies to address the escalating issue of air pollution.