This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the global tropospheric ozone distribution, budget, and radiative forcing using an ensemble of 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models. The models were compared and synthesized to assess the uncertainties and robustness of their results. The analysis includes a base year (2000) simulation and three 2030 emissions scenarios (optimistic, likely, and pessimistic) representing different levels of future air pollution control measures. Additionally, the influence of climate change on tropospheric ozone was examined by forcing the central emissions scenario with a surface warming of around 0.7°C. The ensemble mean changes in tropospheric ozone burden between 2000 and 2030 range from a 5% decrease to a 15% increase, with an intermodel uncertainty of about ±25%. The radiative forcings associated with these changes are −50, 180, and 300 mW m−2, compared to a CO2 forcing of 800−1100 mW m−2 over the same period. The study highlights the importance of air pollution emissions in short- to medium-term climate forcing and the potential impact of stringent or lax control measures on future climate forcing. The models also show that climate change modulates zonal mean mixing ratios by ±5 ppbv through various feedback mechanisms, including water vapor and stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Overall, the results provide valuable insights into the uncertainties and sensitivities of current models in simulating tropospheric ozone and its impacts on the climate system.This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the global tropospheric ozone distribution, budget, and radiative forcing using an ensemble of 26 state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry models. The models were compared and synthesized to assess the uncertainties and robustness of their results. The analysis includes a base year (2000) simulation and three 2030 emissions scenarios (optimistic, likely, and pessimistic) representing different levels of future air pollution control measures. Additionally, the influence of climate change on tropospheric ozone was examined by forcing the central emissions scenario with a surface warming of around 0.7°C. The ensemble mean changes in tropospheric ozone burden between 2000 and 2030 range from a 5% decrease to a 15% increase, with an intermodel uncertainty of about ±25%. The radiative forcings associated with these changes are −50, 180, and 300 mW m−2, compared to a CO2 forcing of 800−1100 mW m−2 over the same period. The study highlights the importance of air pollution emissions in short- to medium-term climate forcing and the potential impact of stringent or lax control measures on future climate forcing. The models also show that climate change modulates zonal mean mixing ratios by ±5 ppbv through various feedback mechanisms, including water vapor and stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Overall, the results provide valuable insights into the uncertainties and sensitivities of current models in simulating tropospheric ozone and its impacts on the climate system.