In 2023, the China CDC investigated 505 cases of mushroom poisoning across 24 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), resulting in 1,303 patients and 16 deaths, with a case fatality rate of 1.23%. A total of 97 poisonous mushroom species were identified, including 12 newly documented species, leading to 6 distinct clinical disease types. The most common species causing fatalities were *Amanita fuliginoides*, *A. subpallidorosea*, and *Russula subnigricans*. The highest number of incidents occurred in Hunan, followed by Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Hubei. The peak period for mushroom poisonings was June, with the highest number of deaths in May, June, and August. The study highlights the importance of close collaboration among CDC staff, physicians, and mycologists for effective control and prevention of mushroom poisoning. Additionally, the development and dissemination of educational materials on toxic mushrooms are proposed to reduce the incidence of mushroom poisoning.In 2023, the China CDC investigated 505 cases of mushroom poisoning across 24 provincial-level administrative divisions (PLADs), resulting in 1,303 patients and 16 deaths, with a case fatality rate of 1.23%. A total of 97 poisonous mushroom species were identified, including 12 newly documented species, leading to 6 distinct clinical disease types. The most common species causing fatalities were *Amanita fuliginoides*, *A. subpallidorosea*, and *Russula subnigricans*. The highest number of incidents occurred in Hunan, followed by Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Hubei. The peak period for mushroom poisonings was June, with the highest number of deaths in May, June, and August. The study highlights the importance of close collaboration among CDC staff, physicians, and mycologists for effective control and prevention of mushroom poisoning. Additionally, the development and dissemination of educational materials on toxic mushrooms are proposed to reduce the incidence of mushroom poisoning.