Mussel-inspired resilient hydrogels with strong skin adhesion and high-sensitivity for wearable device

Mussel-inspired resilient hydrogels with strong skin adhesion and high-sensitivity for wearable device

2024 | Stalin Kondaveeti, Geonjun Choi, Sarath Chandra Veerla, Somi Kim, Jael Kim, Hee Jin Lee, Unnikrishnan Kuzhiumparambil, Peter J. Ralph, Junyeb Yeo, Hoon Eui Jeong
A multifunctional conductive hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), dopamine-functionalized pectin (PT-DA), polydopamine-coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-PDA), and Fe³+ as an ionic cross-linker exhibits high stretchability (2000%), rapid self-healing (94% recovery in 5 s), and strong self-adhesion to various substrates, including skin (85 kPa). The hydrogel incorporates rGO to create electric pathways, ensuring excellent conductivity (0.56 S m⁻¹). It demonstrates strain-sensing properties with a gauge factor (GF) of 14.6, covering a detection range of ~1000%, fast response (198 ms), and exceptional cycle stability. The hydrogel can be seamlessly integrated into motion detection sensors capable of distinguishing between various strong or subtle movements of the human body. The hydrogel was synthesized through a one-pot in-situ free radical polymerization process, leveraging dynamic covalent and non-covalent chemistry. The hydrogel's multifunctionality is attributed to its dynamic interactions, including hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds, which contribute to its stretchability, self-healing, and self-adhesion. The hydrogel's mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and compressive tests, revealing high toughness and elasticity. The hydrogel's adhesion strength was tested against various substrates, including skin, aluminum, glass, and polystyrene, demonstrating strong adhesion. The hydrogel's self-healing and electrical properties were assessed through electrical conductivity tests and circuit integration with an LED indicator. The hydrogel's strain sensitivity was evaluated through resistance changes under applied strain, showing a high GF of 14.6. The hydrogel was applied to various anatomical locations for physiological and motion monitoring, demonstrating its ability to detect subtle physiological signals and real-time body movements. The hydrogel's performance was compared to existing hydrogels, showing superior properties in terms of self-healing, adhesion, and strain sensitivity. The hydrogel's long-term stability was challenged by ambient conditions, leading to a decrease in skin adhesion strength and sensitivity. To address this, strategies such as incorporating inorganic particle additives, salt treatment, and polyol solvents were explored to enhance water retention. The hydrogel's multifunctionality and performance make it a promising platform for wearable sensors in healthcare, soft robotics, and human-machine interactions.A multifunctional conductive hydrogel based on poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), dopamine-functionalized pectin (PT-DA), polydopamine-coated reduced graphene oxide (rGO-PDA), and Fe³+ as an ionic cross-linker exhibits high stretchability (2000%), rapid self-healing (94% recovery in 5 s), and strong self-adhesion to various substrates, including skin (85 kPa). The hydrogel incorporates rGO to create electric pathways, ensuring excellent conductivity (0.56 S m⁻¹). It demonstrates strain-sensing properties with a gauge factor (GF) of 14.6, covering a detection range of ~1000%, fast response (198 ms), and exceptional cycle stability. The hydrogel can be seamlessly integrated into motion detection sensors capable of distinguishing between various strong or subtle movements of the human body. The hydrogel was synthesized through a one-pot in-situ free radical polymerization process, leveraging dynamic covalent and non-covalent chemistry. The hydrogel's multifunctionality is attributed to its dynamic interactions, including hydrogen bonds and coordination bonds, which contribute to its stretchability, self-healing, and self-adhesion. The hydrogel's mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and compressive tests, revealing high toughness and elasticity. The hydrogel's adhesion strength was tested against various substrates, including skin, aluminum, glass, and polystyrene, demonstrating strong adhesion. The hydrogel's self-healing and electrical properties were assessed through electrical conductivity tests and circuit integration with an LED indicator. The hydrogel's strain sensitivity was evaluated through resistance changes under applied strain, showing a high GF of 14.6. The hydrogel was applied to various anatomical locations for physiological and motion monitoring, demonstrating its ability to detect subtle physiological signals and real-time body movements. The hydrogel's performance was compared to existing hydrogels, showing superior properties in terms of self-healing, adhesion, and strain sensitivity. The hydrogel's long-term stability was challenged by ambient conditions, leading to a decrease in skin adhesion strength and sensitivity. To address this, strategies such as incorporating inorganic particle additives, salt treatment, and polyol solvents were explored to enhance water retention. The hydrogel's multifunctionality and performance make it a promising platform for wearable sensors in healthcare, soft robotics, and human-machine interactions.
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