Myxococcus xanthus is a soil-dwelling bacterial predator that preys on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as eukaryotic microorganisms. It is a model organism for studying its unique lifecycle, which includes the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. Despite its importance in the lifecycle, less is known about its predatory behavior. Predation in M. xanthus is a multifactorial process involving motility systems, secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes, and contact-dependent mechanisms. The bacterium uses motility systems to track and hunt prey, and a combination of short-range and contact-dependent mechanisms to kill and feed on prey. Short-range killing involves the production of secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes, while contact-dependent killing relies on Tad-like and type III secretion systems. Recent research has also shown that metals play a role in predation by inducing oxidative stress or competing for essential metals. This review summarizes the current knowledge about M. xanthus predation, focusing on the mechanisms used to hunt, kill, and feed on prey, considering recent discoveries and transcriptomic data. The review highlights the importance of understanding these interactions for improving soil conditions in agriculture and for developing new tools to combat antibiotic resistance.Myxococcus xanthus is a soil-dwelling bacterial predator that preys on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as eukaryotic microorganisms. It is a model organism for studying its unique lifecycle, which includes the formation of multicellular fruiting bodies. Despite its importance in the lifecycle, less is known about its predatory behavior. Predation in M. xanthus is a multifactorial process involving motility systems, secondary metabolites, hydrolytic enzymes, and contact-dependent mechanisms. The bacterium uses motility systems to track and hunt prey, and a combination of short-range and contact-dependent mechanisms to kill and feed on prey. Short-range killing involves the production of secondary metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes, while contact-dependent killing relies on Tad-like and type III secretion systems. Recent research has also shown that metals play a role in predation by inducing oxidative stress or competing for essential metals. This review summarizes the current knowledge about M. xanthus predation, focusing on the mechanisms used to hunt, kill, and feed on prey, considering recent discoveries and transcriptomic data. The review highlights the importance of understanding these interactions for improving soil conditions in agriculture and for developing new tools to combat antibiotic resistance.