This article discusses the potential of novel nanomaterials in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases and explores future perspectives in this field. Hepatobiliary diseases are a significant global health concern, causing around 2 million deaths annually. Traditional drug delivery systems face challenges such as non-specific distribution and adverse effects on healthy tissues. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach for targeted drug delivery, particularly for the liver, due to its unique physiological and anatomical features. Various nanomaterials, including polymer, inorganic, and multifunctional nanoparticles, have been investigated for their ability to target liver tissue or hepatocytes. These materials can be modified to enhance drug delivery and reduce side effects. However, challenges such as toxicity and stability remain. The article highlights different types of nanomaterials, such as nanozymes, nano-based oligonucleotides, lipid-based nanostructures, nanoemulsions, and extracellular vesicles, and their applications in treating liver diseases. It also discusses the mechanisms by which nanomaterials target liver diseases and addresses current challenges and future research directions in this area. The study emphasizes the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize the treatment of liver disorders through improved drug delivery, imaging, and therapeutic outcomes.This article discusses the potential of novel nanomaterials in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases and explores future perspectives in this field. Hepatobiliary diseases are a significant global health concern, causing around 2 million deaths annually. Traditional drug delivery systems face challenges such as non-specific distribution and adverse effects on healthy tissues. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach for targeted drug delivery, particularly for the liver, due to its unique physiological and anatomical features. Various nanomaterials, including polymer, inorganic, and multifunctional nanoparticles, have been investigated for their ability to target liver tissue or hepatocytes. These materials can be modified to enhance drug delivery and reduce side effects. However, challenges such as toxicity and stability remain. The article highlights different types of nanomaterials, such as nanozymes, nano-based oligonucleotides, lipid-based nanostructures, nanoemulsions, and extracellular vesicles, and their applications in treating liver diseases. It also discusses the mechanisms by which nanomaterials target liver diseases and addresses current challenges and future research directions in this area. The study emphasizes the potential of nanotechnology to revolutionize the treatment of liver disorders through improved drug delivery, imaging, and therapeutic outcomes.