Nanomaterials offer promising solutions for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases due to their ability to target specific liver cells and improve drug delivery efficiency. The liver's unique physiological and anatomical features make it an ideal target for nanotechnology-based therapies. Various nanomaterials, including polymer-based nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and multifunctional nanoparticles, have been investigated for their potential in targeting liver diseases. These materials can be functionalized to specifically target liver tissue or hepatocytes, enhancing drug delivery and reducing adverse effects. However, challenges such as toxicity and stability remain. Despite these challenges, nanotechnology holds great promise for targeted treatment of liver disorders. This study discusses various nanomaterials used in liver disease treatment, including nanozymes, nano-based oligonucleotides, lipid-based nanostructures, nanoemulsions, and extracellular vesicles. The study also examines how these nanomaterials target liver diseases and highlights current issues and future research directions. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions, and liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are major global health concerns. Traditional drug delivery methods often result in uneven distribution and adverse effects, making effective treatment challenging. Nanotechnology can improve drug delivery by targeting specific liver cells, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and reducing toxicity. The study also explores the use of nanomaterials in treating liver fibrosis, NAFLD, and liver cancer, highlighting their potential in improving liver function and reducing disease progression. Despite challenges, nanomaterials show great promise in the treatment of liver diseases, offering new avenues for targeted therapy and personalized medicine.Nanomaterials offer promising solutions for the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases due to their ability to target specific liver cells and improve drug delivery efficiency. The liver's unique physiological and anatomical features make it an ideal target for nanotechnology-based therapies. Various nanomaterials, including polymer-based nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, and multifunctional nanoparticles, have been investigated for their potential in targeting liver diseases. These materials can be functionalized to specifically target liver tissue or hepatocytes, enhancing drug delivery and reducing adverse effects. However, challenges such as toxicity and stability remain. Despite these challenges, nanotechnology holds great promise for targeted treatment of liver disorders. This study discusses various nanomaterials used in liver disease treatment, including nanozymes, nano-based oligonucleotides, lipid-based nanostructures, nanoemulsions, and extracellular vesicles. The study also examines how these nanomaterials target liver diseases and highlights current issues and future research directions. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions, and liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma are major global health concerns. Traditional drug delivery methods often result in uneven distribution and adverse effects, making effective treatment challenging. Nanotechnology can improve drug delivery by targeting specific liver cells, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and reducing toxicity. The study also explores the use of nanomaterials in treating liver fibrosis, NAFLD, and liver cancer, highlighting their potential in improving liver function and reducing disease progression. Despite challenges, nanomaterials show great promise in the treatment of liver diseases, offering new avenues for targeted therapy and personalized medicine.