The sodium pump, or Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA), is a crucial enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. Its primary function is to transport sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions across the cell membrane using energy from ATP hydrolysis, creating and maintaining an electrochemical gradient essential for various cellular processes, including cell volume regulation, electrical excitability, and secondary active transport. Despite its well-established role as a pump, recent studies have revealed additional functions of NKA, such as its function as a receptor for cardiac glycosides (CGs) and its involvement in signaling pathways. This review highlights the latest advancements in understanding NKA's structure, function, and diverse roles. It discusses the detailed atomic structure of NKA, including the α, β, and FXYD subunits, and their interactions with CGs. The review also explores the impact of CGs on NKA, including their ability to inhibit or enhance pumping activity, and their role in triggering various signaling pathways. Additionally, the review examines the physiological and pathological consequences of NKA dysfunction, particularly in diseases like hypertension and cancer. The article emphasizes the significance of NKA as a signal-transducing receptor, detailing the activation of signaling pathways such as SRC/EGFR, RAS/MAPK/ERK, IP3K/Akt/mTOR, and PLC/PKC. It also discusses the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NKA-mediated signaling and the potential therapeutic implications of these findings. Overall, the review underscores the multifaceted nature of NKA and its critical role in both physiological and pathological processes.The sodium pump, or Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase (NKA), is a crucial enzyme found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells. Its primary function is to transport sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions across the cell membrane using energy from ATP hydrolysis, creating and maintaining an electrochemical gradient essential for various cellular processes, including cell volume regulation, electrical excitability, and secondary active transport. Despite its well-established role as a pump, recent studies have revealed additional functions of NKA, such as its function as a receptor for cardiac glycosides (CGs) and its involvement in signaling pathways. This review highlights the latest advancements in understanding NKA's structure, function, and diverse roles. It discusses the detailed atomic structure of NKA, including the α, β, and FXYD subunits, and their interactions with CGs. The review also explores the impact of CGs on NKA, including their ability to inhibit or enhance pumping activity, and their role in triggering various signaling pathways. Additionally, the review examines the physiological and pathological consequences of NKA dysfunction, particularly in diseases like hypertension and cancer. The article emphasizes the significance of NKA as a signal-transducing receptor, detailing the activation of signaling pathways such as SRC/EGFR, RAS/MAPK/ERK, IP3K/Akt/mTOR, and PLC/PKC. It also discusses the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in NKA-mediated signaling and the potential therapeutic implications of these findings. Overall, the review underscores the multifaceted nature of NKA and its critical role in both physiological and pathological processes.