The article reviews the development and applications of nanofibers in tissue engineering. Nanofibers, synthesized through techniques such as electrospinning, self-assembly, and phase separation, have gained significant attention due to their ability to mimic the architecture of natural human tissue at the nanoscale. These fibers, with their high surface area to volume ratio and microporous structure, enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, making them suitable for various tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning, the most widely studied technique, allows control over fiber thickness, composition, and porosity, and has been used to produce a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers. Self-assembly and phase separation are less studied but offer unique advantages, such as the ability to form ordered structures and the simplicity of the process, respectively. Natural polymers like collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and silk fibroin have been explored for their biocompatibility and potential as scaffolds. Synthetic polymers, including PLA, PCL, and PLLA-CL, have also been used to create nanofibers with improved mechanical properties and biological activity. Nanofibers have been applied in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, including bone, cartilage, ligament, and skeletal muscle. They have shown promise in enhancing cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and in providing structural support for tissue regeneration. Additionally, nanofibers have been used in skin, vascular, and neural tissue engineering, as well as in drug delivery systems, demonstrating their versatility and potential in various biological and non-biological applications.The article reviews the development and applications of nanofibers in tissue engineering. Nanofibers, synthesized through techniques such as electrospinning, self-assembly, and phase separation, have gained significant attention due to their ability to mimic the architecture of natural human tissue at the nanoscale. These fibers, with their high surface area to volume ratio and microporous structure, enhance cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, making them suitable for various tissue engineering applications. Electrospinning, the most widely studied technique, allows control over fiber thickness, composition, and porosity, and has been used to produce a wide range of natural and synthetic polymers. Self-assembly and phase separation are less studied but offer unique advantages, such as the ability to form ordered structures and the simplicity of the process, respectively. Natural polymers like collagen, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, and silk fibroin have been explored for their biocompatibility and potential as scaffolds. Synthetic polymers, including PLA, PCL, and PLLA-CL, have also been used to create nanofibers with improved mechanical properties and biological activity. Nanofibers have been applied in musculoskeletal tissue engineering, including bone, cartilage, ligament, and skeletal muscle. They have shown promise in enhancing cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and in providing structural support for tissue regeneration. Additionally, nanofibers have been used in skin, vascular, and neural tissue engineering, as well as in drug delivery systems, demonstrating their versatility and potential in various biological and non-biological applications.