The article reviews the latest advancements in nanofibrous porous organic polymers (POPs) and their derivatives, focusing on their synthesis, fabrication strategies, functional attributes, and applications. The review highlights two primary fabrication approaches: direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Direct bulk synthesis includes hard-template, soft-template, and template-free methods, each with its advantages and challenges. Electrospinning is a versatile technique that can produce hierarchical POP nanofibers with additional functionalities. The review also explores the formation mechanisms, performance in various applications such as water treatment, gas adsorption, energy storage, and biomedical systems, and discusses existing challenges and future prospects. The unique properties of POP nanofibers, such as high surface area, tunable pore size, and enhanced chemical stability, make them promising materials for a wide range of applications.The article reviews the latest advancements in nanofibrous porous organic polymers (POPs) and their derivatives, focusing on their synthesis, fabrication strategies, functional attributes, and applications. The review highlights two primary fabrication approaches: direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Direct bulk synthesis includes hard-template, soft-template, and template-free methods, each with its advantages and challenges. Electrospinning is a versatile technique that can produce hierarchical POP nanofibers with additional functionalities. The review also explores the formation mechanisms, performance in various applications such as water treatment, gas adsorption, energy storage, and biomedical systems, and discusses existing challenges and future prospects. The unique properties of POP nanofibers, such as high surface area, tunable pore size, and enhanced chemical stability, make them promising materials for a wide range of applications.