The article "Nanomaterials Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biological and Chemical Sensing Applications" by Zeng, Baillargeat, Ho, and Yong reviews the advancements in nanomaterials-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for detecting low molecular weight biological and chemical analytes. SPR sensors are widely used for real-time monitoring of molecular interactions due to their ability to measure refractive-index changes. However, their sensitivity is insufficient for detecting trace amounts of small molecules like cancer biomarkers, hormones, and explosives. To address this, the authors discuss various nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, latex nanoparticles, and liposome nanoparticles, which enhance the sensitivity of SPR sensors. The review highlights the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials improve SPR performance, including electric field enhancement, large surface mass loading, charge transfer, and enhanced adsorption efficiency. Specific examples of gold nanoparticle-enhanced SPR sensors for detecting DNA, proteins, and harmful chemicals are provided, along with detailed experimental setups and results. The article concludes by discussing the potential applications of nanomaterials-based SPR sensors in various fields and the future outlook for further improving their sensitivity.The article "Nanomaterials Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Biological and Chemical Sensing Applications" by Zeng, Baillargeat, Ho, and Yong reviews the advancements in nanomaterials-enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors for detecting low molecular weight biological and chemical analytes. SPR sensors are widely used for real-time monitoring of molecular interactions due to their ability to measure refractive-index changes. However, their sensitivity is insufficient for detecting trace amounts of small molecules like cancer biomarkers, hormones, and explosives. To address this, the authors discuss various nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, latex nanoparticles, and liposome nanoparticles, which enhance the sensitivity of SPR sensors. The review highlights the mechanisms by which these nanomaterials improve SPR performance, including electric field enhancement, large surface mass loading, charge transfer, and enhanced adsorption efficiency. Specific examples of gold nanoparticle-enhanced SPR sensors for detecting DNA, proteins, and harmful chemicals are provided, along with detailed experimental setups and results. The article concludes by discussing the potential applications of nanomaterials-based SPR sensors in various fields and the future outlook for further improving their sensitivity.