Nanostructured metal oxide-based electrochemical biosensors are gaining attention for their high sensitivity and selectivity in medical diagnosis. These biosensors utilize nanostructured metal oxides (NMOs) such as ZnO, TiO₂, Fe₃O₄, NiO, and CuO, which offer unique properties like high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced catalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. The review discusses the synthesis methods, integration into biosensors, and analytical performance of these NMOs over the past decade. It highlights the advantages of NMOs in biosensing applications, including their ability to enhance sensor sensitivity and stability. The review also covers various applications of NMO-based biosensors, such as detecting glucose, dopamine, uric acid, and microRNA-21. The study emphasizes the potential of NMOs in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, particularly in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The review concludes that NMOs are promising materials for future biosensor development due to their unique properties and versatility in various medical applications.Nanostructured metal oxide-based electrochemical biosensors are gaining attention for their high sensitivity and selectivity in medical diagnosis. These biosensors utilize nanostructured metal oxides (NMOs) such as ZnO, TiO₂, Fe₃O₄, NiO, and CuO, which offer unique properties like high surface-to-volume ratio, enhanced catalytic activity, and good biocompatibility. The review discusses the synthesis methods, integration into biosensors, and analytical performance of these NMOs over the past decade. It highlights the advantages of NMOs in biosensing applications, including their ability to enhance sensor sensitivity and stability. The review also covers various applications of NMO-based biosensors, such as detecting glucose, dopamine, uric acid, and microRNA-21. The study emphasizes the potential of NMOs in improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, particularly in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The review concludes that NMOs are promising materials for future biosensor development due to their unique properties and versatility in various medical applications.