Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives Nanotechnology is a promising tool for sustainable agriculture, offering benefits such as enhanced food quality, reduced agricultural inputs, and improved nutrient absorption. It has the potential to address challenges like sustainability, food security, and climate change by enabling precise pest and nutrient management, reducing chemical use, and improving crop yields. Nanomaterials can act as sensors to monitor soil quality and maintain plant health. The review highlights the current challenges and future perspectives of nanotechnology in agriculture, including its applications in nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanoencapsulation. It also discusses the environmental and health risks associated with nanomaterials, emphasizing the need for safe and sustainable practices. The review covers various nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanorods, and their roles in agriculture. It also explores the use of nanotechnology in food industry applications, including food packaging, labeling, and processing. The review concludes that nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and food production, but further research is needed to ensure its safe and effective implementation. The review also highlights the importance of international collaboration and policy-making to regulate the use of nanotechnology in agriculture.Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Perspectives Nanotechnology is a promising tool for sustainable agriculture, offering benefits such as enhanced food quality, reduced agricultural inputs, and improved nutrient absorption. It has the potential to address challenges like sustainability, food security, and climate change by enabling precise pest and nutrient management, reducing chemical use, and improving crop yields. Nanomaterials can act as sensors to monitor soil quality and maintain plant health. The review highlights the current challenges and future perspectives of nanotechnology in agriculture, including its applications in nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nanoencapsulation. It also discusses the environmental and health risks associated with nanomaterials, emphasizing the need for safe and sustainable practices. The review covers various nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanorods, and their roles in agriculture. It also explores the use of nanotechnology in food industry applications, including food packaging, labeling, and processing. The review concludes that nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize agriculture and food production, but further research is needed to ensure its safe and effective implementation. The review also highlights the importance of international collaboration and policy-making to regulate the use of nanotechnology in agriculture.