Nanotechnology is emerging as a significant tool in sustainable agriculture, offering potential benefits such as enhanced food quality and safety, reduced agricultural inputs, and improved nutrient absorption. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture aims to reduce chemical usage, minimize nutrient losses, and increase yields through pest and nutrient management. Key applications include nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, which can increase productivity without degrading soils or waters. Nanotechnology also enhances biosensors for rapid disease diagnosis and improves plant nutrient absorption. The review discusses the current challenges and perspectives in using nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture, including sustainability, food security, and climate change. It highlights the importance of green nanotechnology, which is safe, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. The article also explores the ecotoxicological implications of nanoparticles, the growth of cultivated plants, and the role of nanobiosensors in food industry applications. Future perspectives emphasize the need for comprehensive databases, international cooperation, and clear guidelines to ensure the safe and effective use of nanotechnology in agriculture.Nanotechnology is emerging as a significant tool in sustainable agriculture, offering potential benefits such as enhanced food quality and safety, reduced agricultural inputs, and improved nutrient absorption. The application of nanotechnology in agriculture aims to reduce chemical usage, minimize nutrient losses, and increase yields through pest and nutrient management. Key applications include nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, which can increase productivity without degrading soils or waters. Nanotechnology also enhances biosensors for rapid disease diagnosis and improves plant nutrient absorption. The review discusses the current challenges and perspectives in using nanotechnology for sustainable agriculture, including sustainability, food security, and climate change. It highlights the importance of green nanotechnology, which is safe, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly. The article also explores the ecotoxicological implications of nanoparticles, the growth of cultivated plants, and the role of nanobiosensors in food industry applications. Future perspectives emphasize the need for comprehensive databases, international cooperation, and clear guidelines to ensure the safe and effective use of nanotechnology in agriculture.